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README
Apache-2.0

Gloading

介绍

  • 深度解耦Hos Hap中全局加载中、加载失败及空数据视图,为组件化改造过程中的解耦长征助力
  • 分离全局加载状态视图的实现和使用
  • 不需要在每个页面的布局文件中额外添加加载状态视图
  • 可用于Ability、Slice,也可用于为某个Component显示加载状态,还可用于各种列表Item(ListContainer等)
  • 轻量级:只有一个java文件,没有任何其它依赖,不到300行,其中注释占100+行,jar仅6K
  • 兼容性好: 兼容绝大多数第三方炫酷的LoadingComponent(在Adapter中将其作为Component提供给Gloading)
  • 可扩展:默认提供4种加载状态(加载中、加载失败、空数据、加载成功),支持自定义其它状态

演示

为Ability添加加载状态

加载成功 加载失败
点击重试
加载成功
无数据
个别页面使用特殊的Loading视图

为Component添加加载状态

用于Slice 用于ScrollView 用于ListContainer

背景

Loading动画几乎每个Hos Hap中都有。

一般在需要用户等待的场景,显示一个Loading动画可以让用户知道Hap正在加载数据,而不是程序卡死,从而给用户较好的使用体验。

同样的道理,当加载的数据为空时显示一个数据为空的视图、在数据加载失败时显示加载失败对应的UI并支持点击重试会比白屏的用户体验更好一些。

加载中、加载失败、空数据的UI风格,一般来说在Hap内的所有页面中需要保持一致,也就是需要做到全局统一。

传统的做法

  1. 定义一个(或多个)显示不同加载状态的控件或者xml布局文件(例如:LoadingComponent
  2. 每个页面的布局中都写上这个component
  3. BaseAbility/BaseSlice中封装LoadingComponent的初始化逻辑,并封装加载状态切换时的UI显示逻辑,暴露给子类以下方法:
    • void showLoading(); //调用此方法显示加载中的动画
    • void showLoadFailed(); //调用此方法显示加载失败界面
    • void showEmpty(); //调用此方法显示空页面
    • void onClickRetry(); //子类中实现,点击重试的回调方法
  4. BaseAbility/BaseSlice的子类中可通过上一步的封装比较方便地使用加载状态显示功能

这种使用方式耦合度太高,每个页面的布局文件中都需要添加LoadingComponent,使用起来不方便而且维护成本较高,一旦UI设计师需要更改布局,修改起来成本较高。

好一点的封装方法

  1. 定义一个(或多个)显示不同加载状态的控件或者xml布局文件(例如:LoadingComponent
  2. 定义一个工具类(LoadingUtil)来管理LoadingComponent,不同状态显示不同的UI(或者在多个Component之间切换显示)
  3. BaseAbility/BaseSlice中对LoadingUtil的使用进行封装,暴露给子类以下方法:
    • void showLoading(); //调用此方法显示加载中的动画
    • void showLoadFailed(); //调用此方法显示加载失败界面
    • void showEmpty(); //调用此方法显示空页面
    • void onClickRetry(); //子类中实现,点击重试的回调方法
    • abstract int getContainerId(); //子类中实现,LoadingUtil动态创建LoadingComponent并添加到该方法返回id对应的控件中
  4. BaseAbility/BaseSlice的子类中可通过上一步的封装比较方便地使用加载状态显示功能

这种封装的好处是通过封装动态地创建LoadingComponent并添加到指定的父容器中,让具体页面无需关注LoadingComponent的实现,只需要指定在哪个容器中显示即可,很大程度地进行了解耦。如果公司只在一个Hap中使用,这基本上就够了。

但是,这种封装方式还是存在耦合:页面与它所使用的LoadingComponent仍然存在绑定关系。如果需要复用到其它Hap中,因为每个App的UI风格可能不同,对应的LoadingComponent布局也可能会不一样,要想复用必须先将页面与LoadingComponent解耦。

如何解耦?

梳理一下我们需要实现的效果

  • 页面的LoadingComponent可切换,且不需要改动页面代码
  • 页面中可指定LoadingComponent的显示区域(例如导航栏Title不希望被LoadingComponent覆盖)
  • 支持在Slice中使用
  • 支持加载失败页面中点击重试
  • 兼容不同页面显示的UI有细微差别(例如提示文字可能不同)

使用Gloading来解耦

Gloading是一个基于Adapter思路实现的深度解耦Hap中全局LoadingComponent的轻量级工具(只有一个java文件,不到300行,其中注释占100+行,aar仅6K)

1、 依赖

allprojects{
    repositories{
        mavenCentral()
    }
}
implementation 'io.openharmony.tpc.thirdlib:Gloading:1.0.3'

2、 创建Adapter,在getComponent方法中实现创建各种状态视图(加载中、加载失败、空数据等)的逻辑

Gloading不侵入UI布局,完全由用户自定义

public class GlobalAdapter implements Gloading.Adapter {
    @Override
    public Component getComponent(Gloading.Holder holder, Component convertComponent, int status) {
        GlobalLoadingStatusView loadingStatusView = null;
        //convertComponent为可重用的布局
        //Holder中缓存了各状态下对应的View
        //	如果status对应的Component为null,则convertComponent为上一个状态的Component
        //	如果上一个状态的Component也为null,则convertComponent为null
        if (convertComponent != null && convertComponent instanceof GlobalLoadingStatusView) {
            loadingStatusView = (GlobalLoadingStatusView) convertComponent;
        }
        if (loadingStatusView == null) {
            loadingStatusView = new GlobalLoadingStatusView(holder.getContext(), holder.getRetryTask());
        }
        loadingStatusView.setStatus(status);
        return loadingStatusView;
    }
    
    class GlobalLoadingStatusView extends DependentLayout {

        public GlobalLoadingStatusView(Context context, Runnable retryTask) {
            super(context);
            //初始化LoadingComponent
            //如果需要支持点击重试,在适当的时机给对应的控件添加点击事件
        }
        
        public void setStatus(int status) {
            //设置当前的加载状态:加载中、加载失败、空数据等
            //其中,加载失败可判断当前是否联网,可现实无网络的状态
            //		属于加载失败状态下的一个分支,可自行决定是否实现
        }
    }
}

3、 初始化Gloading的默认Adapter

Gloading.initDefault(new GlobalAdapter());

4、在需要使用LoadingComponent的地方获取Holder

//在Ability中显示, 父容器为: mLayout
Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().wrap(ability, mLayout);

//需要支持加载失败后点击重试
Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().wrap(ability, mLayout).withRetry(retryTask);

or

//为某个Component显示加载状态
//Gloading会自动创建一个FrameLayout,将Component包裹起来,LoadingComponent也显示在其中
Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().wrap(component);

//需要支持加载失败后点击重试
Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().wrap(component).withRetry(retryTask);

4.1 如果父容器为 DependentLayout,用cover可以保持与同级其它控件之间的关联关系

Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().cover(component);
//或
Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().cover(component).withRetry(retryTask);

5、 使用Holder来显示各种加载状态

//显示加载中的状态,通常是显示一个加载动画
holder.showLoading() 

//显示加载成功状态(一般是隐藏LoadingComponent)
holder.showLoadSuccess()

//显示加载失败状态
holder.showFailed()

//数据加载完成,但数据为空
holder.showEmpty()

//如果以上默认提供的状态不能满足使用,可使用此方法调用其它状态
holder.showLoadingStatus(status)

6、 兼容多App场景下的页面、Component的复用

每个Hap的LoadingComponent可能会不同,只需为每个Hap提供不同的Adapter,不同App调用不同的Gloading.initDefault(new GlobalAdapter());,具体页面中的使用代码无需改动。

开启/关闭Debug模式

//设置为true时Logcat会输出日志
Gloading.debug(trueOrFalse);

调用差异

Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().wrap(activity);

改为

//需要将父布局传入
Gloading.Holder holder = Gloading.getDefault().wrap(ability, mLayout);

示例entry运行要求

通过DevEco studio,并下载SDK 将项目中的build.gradle文件中dependencies→classpath版本改为对应的版本(即你的IDE新建项目中所用的版本)

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简介

深度解耦Hos Hap中全局加载中、加载失败及空数据视图,为组件化改造过程中的解耦长征助力 展开 收起
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