Nginx/Nginx-Web/Nginx-8-proxy_cache.md · Andy/lua-nginx-redis

如何配置proxy_cache模块

官方：ngx_http_proxy_module

Http配置文件

user  www;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  logs/error.log  error;

pid /run/nginx.pid;

worker_rlimit_nofile 204800;

events {
    worker_connections  65535;
    multi_accept on;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    lua_package_path '/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.lua;/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/?.lua;';
    lua_package_cpath '/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.so;;';

    init_by_lua_file  "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/init.lua";
    access_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/waf.lua";

    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'
                      '"$upstream_cache_status"'; # nginx cache命中率统计

    charset UTF-8;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

    client_header_timeout 100;
    client_body_timeout 100;
    client_max_body_size 800m;
    client_body_buffer_size 512k;
    reset_timedout_connection on;

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    keepalive_timeout  75 20;

    proxy_connect_timeout   5;
    proxy_send_timeout      5;
    proxy_read_timeout      60;
    # 是否启用或者关闭 proxy_buffer,默认为 on
    proxy_buffering         on;
    # 设置缓存大小，默认4KB、8KB 保持与 proxy_buffers 指令中size变量相同或者更小
    proxy_buffer_size       16k;
    # proxy_buffer个数和Buffer大小（一般设置为内存页大小）
    proxy_buffers           4 64k;
    # 限制处于 BUSY 状态的 proxy_buffer 的总大小
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    # 所有临时文件总体积大小，磁盘上的临时文件不能超过该配置
    proxy_max_temp_file_size 500MB;
    # 配置同时写入临时文件的数据量的总大小
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 64k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/javascript text/javascript image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/xml application/json;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].(?!.*SV1)";

    # 文件路径，临时存放代理服务器的大体积响应数据
    proxy_temp_path /home/www/data/nginx/tmp-test;
    # 设置WEB缓存区名称为 cache_one ，内存缓存空间大小为100M，一天清理一次，硬盘缓存空间大小为10G
    proxy_cache_path /home/www/data/nginx/cache-test levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=10g;

    index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    include "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/vhost/*.conf";
}

Server配置文件

server {
    listen       8087;
    server_name  localhost;

    location / {
        #  如果后端的服务器返回500 502 503 504 执行超时等错误，将请求转发到另外一台服务器
        proxy_next_upstream     http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
        #  定义用于缓存的共享内存区域
        proxy_cache cache_one;
        #  针对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间
        proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1h;
        proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
        # WEB缓存的Key值域名、URI、参数组成
        proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
        proxy_set_header        Host            $host;
        proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        # 显示缓存的状态
        add_header  Nginx-Cache "$upstream_cache_status";
        # 可以禁用一个或多个响应头字段的处理 [Nginx不缓存,可以添加以下语句] 
        proxy_ignore_headers X-Accel-Expires Expires Cache-Control Set-Cookie;
        proxy_pass http://www.tinywan.com;
        expires 1d;
    }
}

配置测试

打印响应头

www@TinywanAliYun:$ curl -I http://127.0.0.1:8087/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty/1.11.2.5
Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 15:46:55 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: keep-alive
Keep-Alive: timeout=20
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Expires: Sun, 19 Nov 2017 15:46:55 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=86400
Pragma: no-cache
Nginx-Cache: HIT

缓存目录

www@TinywanAliYun:~/data/nginx/cache-test$ tree -L 4
.
├── 0
│   └── 49
│       └── 51ab3cb31fd7929a0346796693d53490
└── 9
    └── f4
        └── 3a020dc16513d3abee9ba74688d53f49

4 directories, 2 files
www@TinywanAliYun:~/data/nginx/cache-test$ cat 0/49/51ab3cb31fd7929a0346796693d53490 
³QZݵǘ£CZC°(±"58c8b5dd-423e"
KEY: 127.0.0.1/favicon.ico // 代理服务IP地址
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.6.0       // 被代理服务器信息
Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 14:28:51 GMT
Content-Type: image/x-icon
Content-Length: 16958
Last-Modified: Wed, 15 Mar 2017 03:32:45 GMT
Connection: close
ETag: "58c8b5dd-423e"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

$upstream_cache_status 包含以下几种状态

·MISS 未命中，请求被传送到后端
·HIT 缓存命中
·EXPIRED 缓存已经过期请求被传送到后端
·UPDATING 正在更新缓存，将使用旧的应答
·STALE 后端将得到过期的应答

nginx cache命中率统计

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'
                  '"$upstream_cache_status"';

命中率统计方法：用HIT的数量除以日志总量得出缓存命中率

awk '{if($NF==""HIT"") hit++} END {printf "%.2f%",hit/NR}' access.log

通过crontab脚本将每天的命中率统计到一个日志中，以备查看

#!/bin/bash
LOG_FILE='/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log.1'
LAST_DAY=$(date +%F -d "-1 day")
awk '{if($NF==""HIT"") hit++} END {printf "'$LAST_DAY': %d %d %.2f%n", hit,NR,hit/NR}' $LOG_FILE

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如何配置proxy_cache模块

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