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README
GPL-2.0

quark-n

quark-n的一些使用技巧

wiki: https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/cn/Quantum-Mini-Linux-Development-Kit/

大神项目地址:https://github.com/peng-zhihui/Project-Quantum

对应的外壳:https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/quark-n-3d

  1. 启动网络 http://wiki.friendlyarm.com/wiki/index.php/Use_NetworkManager_to_configure_network_settings

  2. 镜像文件 https://files.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Quantum-Mini-Linux-Dev-Kit/quark-n-21-1-11.zip

  3. 将TF卡系统拷贝到emmc,count的值需要先确定emmc的扇区数量

sudo dd if=/dev/mmcblk0 of=/dev/mmcblk1 bs=512 count=30717952 &
sudo watch -n 5 pkill -USR1 ^dd$
  1. 擦除emmc,count的值需要先确定emmc的扇区数量 sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk1 bs=512 count=30717952

  2. 重启网卡设备

sudo ifconfig wlan0 down
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
  1. 连接网络的时候,如果需要输入提示密码 sudo nmcli --ask c up SSID

  2. 如果总是出现提示密码未提供时,并且wifi的加密是wpa/wpa2个人级时,按照下方配置参数 主要参数:

  • 802-11-wireless-security.key-mgmt: wpa-psk
  • 802-11-wireless-security.proto: wpa
  • 802-11-wireless-security.pairwise: ccmp,tkip
  • 802-11-wireless-security.group: ccmp,tkip
  • 802-11-wireless-security.psk-flags: 1 (agent-owned)
  • 802-11-wireless-security.psk: secret12345

密码写入文件,wpa-psk类型内容格式举例:

802-11-wireless-security.psk:secret12345

执行如下命令启动wifi连接

sudo nmcli c up [CONNECTION NAME | UUID] passwd-file /home/pi/.nmcli/passwd-wlan0

注:新学到的方法:用 nmtui,就可以在命令行下进行更方便的编辑了

  1. Linux下声卡独占的原因和解决 简单解决办法如下: 在/boot/defaults/loader.conf或/etc/sysctl.conf中加入下面两行。
hw.snd.pcm0.vchans=4
hw.snd.maxautovchans=4
  1. 播放视频
sudo mplayer -vo fbdev2:/dev/fb1 -x 240 -y 135 -zoom /home/pi/Videos/BadApple.mp4

视频最好转换到和屏幕一个分辨率,不然就会卡顿掉帧

  1. 视频分辨率转换
ffmpeg -i /home/pi/Videos/BadApple.mp4 -strict -2 -s 240x134 /home/pi/Videos/BadApple_240x134.mp4

分辨率必须是2的倍数所以,所以不能是240x135,而是240x134

  1. 录音测试 查看录音设备:
sudo arecord –l

录音和播放

sudo arecord -Dhw:2,0 -d 10 -f cd -r 44100 -c 2 -t wav test.wav
sudo arecord -Dhw:2,0 -f cd -r 16000 -c 1 -t wav record.wav
sudo aplay -Dhw:2,0 /home/pi/Music/test.wav

参数解析

  • -D 指定了录音设备,0,1 是card 0 device 1的意思,也就是TDM_Capture
  • -d 指定录音的时长,单位时秒
  • -f 指定录音格式,通过上面的信息知道只支持 cd cdr dat 
  • -r 指定了采样率,单位时Hz
  • -c 指定channel 个数
  • -t 指定生成的文件格式
  1. apt-get强制使用Ipv4
sudo apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true update

永久解决办法:

创建文件 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99force-ipv4
加入代码: Acquire::ForceIPv4 "true";
  1. 蓝牙连接音箱或耳机 系统默认缺少软件包,安装下列软件包,重启之后删除之前的配对,然后重新配对
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-module-bluetooth bluez-tools

以下命令用于启动时自动运行

pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

TF卡有系统时启动到emmc分区

  1. 将 npi-config 覆盖拷贝到 /usr/bin/npi-config
  2. 运行sudo npi-config
  3. 3 Boot Options -> B3 Boot device -> D3 emmc

使用新的dts的中的蓝色led设备

  1. 下载源代码
    mkdir ~/GIT
    cd ~/GIT
    git clone https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/quark-n.git 
  2. 将 sun8i-h3-atom_n.dtb 替换到 /boot/sun8i-h3-atom_n.dtb
    cp ~/GIT/quark-n/sun8i-h3-atom_n.dtb /boot/
  3. 重启
    sudo shutdown -r now
  4. 用于测试的Python代码,gpio_key_led.py
    from periphery import LED
    import time
    ledUser = LED("usr_led", True)
    while True:
       time.sleep(1)
       ledUser.write(255)
       time.sleep(1)
       ledUser.write(0)
    
    ledUser.close()
  5. gpio_key_led.py是按下Key后,亮起蓝色led
  6. 在/sys/class/leds下,显示 pwr_led(黄), status_led(白), usr_led(蓝)
    ls /sys/class/leds/
    或运行以下命令
    sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/gpio
    输出结果里有一行
    gpio-359 (                    |usr_led             ) out hi
    即表示成功

用于自带LCD屏的数码时钟

需要先执行:使用新的dts的中的蓝色led设备

  1. 下载源代码
    mkdir ~/GIT
    cd ~/GIT
    git clone https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/quark-n.git 
  2. 如果很早之前已经下载过源代码,需要更新,可以运行如下命令(这一步非必须)
    cd ~/GIT/quark-n
    git pull origin master
  3. 备份之前的Clock
    cd /home/pi/WorkSpace/
    mv Clock Clock_bak
  4. 将Clock放置到指定位置
    ln -s /home/pi/GIT/quark-n/WorkSpace/Clock ~/WorkSpace/
  5. 将启动脚本放置到指定位置
    chmod +x /home/pi/GIT/quark-n/WorkSpace/Scripts/start_ui_clock.sh
    mkdir -p ~/WorkSpace/Scripts/services
    ln -s /home/pi/GIT/quark-n/WorkSpace/Scripts/services/ui_clock.service ~/WorkSpace/Scripts/services/
    ln -s /home/pi/GIT/quark-n/WorkSpace/Scripts/start_ui_clock.sh ~/WorkSpace/Scripts/
  6. 从这里,下载2个字体文件:“STHeiti Light.ttc”,“PingFang.ttc”,拷贝到~/WorkSpace/Clock/fonts。
    https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/quark-n/releases/Fonts
    或运行命令
    cd ~/WorkSpace/Clock/fonts
    wget https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/quark-n/attach_files/603438/download/STHeiti%20Light.ttc
    wget https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/quark-n/attach_files/603439/download/PingFang.ttc
  7. 运行如下命令进行安装
    cd /home/pi/WorkSpace/Clock/
    sudo python -m pip install --index http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com -r requirements.txt
    mkdir /home/pi/WorkSpace/Clock/logs
    sudo ln -s /home/pi/WorkSpace/Scripts/services/ui_clock.service /lib/systemd/system/
    sudo systemctl daemon-reload
    sudo systemctl enable ui_clock
    ** ruamel.yaml 需要使用阿里云的镜像来安装,豆瓣的镜像里没有! ** 到达这一步,已经在重启后会自动启动。下面是手动命令
  8. 命令提示:
    1. 启动 (手动启动后按Ctrl + C可脱离)
      sudo systemctl start ui_clock
    2. 停止
      sudo systemctl stop ui_clock
    3. 查看状态
      sudo systemctl status ui_clock
    4. 重启系统
      sudo shutdown -r now

数码屏样式

目前数码屏有4种样式,在WorkSpace/Clock/config.yaml中的user-interface.clock.style里配置,值为1、2、3、4中的一个

  • 样式1:

  • 样式2:

  • 样式3 (感谢 Geno [格诺] 的PR):

  • 样式4 (感谢墨云提供的行星运行基础程序)

操作方式

  1. GPIO按钮操作
    1. 按一下松开,界面上元素循环显示,不同界面,有不同反应
    2. 长按会显示进度条,根据时间不同,有不同的功能
      1. 长按 小于 2秒,不做任何操作
      2. 长按 大于等于 2秒 和 小于 3秒之间,界面显示YES,执行确认操作
      3. 长按 大于等于 3秒 和 小于 5秒之间,界面显示Menu View,进入到菜单界面
      4. 长按 大于等于 5秒 和 小于 10秒之间,界面目前无任何操作,会渐渐显示出POWER OFF
      5. 长按 大于等于 10秒,关机
  2. 鼠标操作
    1. 点击界面元素,会有变化,不同界面有不同反应
  3. 界面说明
    1. 除了菜单界面的,任意界面,将鼠标移动到最左侧,将显示进入菜单的提示,点击鼠标即可进入菜单界面
    2. 欢迎界面
      1. 无任何操作,定时跳转到数字表盘
    3. 数字表盘界面
      1. 界面元素,分为4行
        1. 第一行循环显示,鼠标可点击
          1. CPU温度 + CPU占比
          2. MEM(内存)剩余空间 + 使用量占比
          3. DSK(磁盘,TF或EMMC)剩余空间 + 使用量占比
        2. 第二行时间,12/24小时切换显示,鼠标可点击
        3. 第三行日期
        4. 第四行,鼠标可点击
          1. IP + 下载速度
          2. 上行速度 + 下载速度
      2. GPIO单按,同时循环以上所有元素
    4. 菜单界面,任意界面长按 大于等于 3秒 和 小于 5秒之间,界面显示Menu View,进入到菜单界面
      1. 界面元素
        1. 时钟:切换到数字表盘(由群内大神 “海 风” 提供原始Clock界面程序)
        2. 孙悟空:开启关闭wukong-robot。需要修改后的悟空版本。参见 https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/wukong-in-quark-n
        3. 相机:可以支持PS3 Eye摄像头进行拍照,或者其他USB免驱动摄像头
        4. 相册:可以查看通过摄像头拍摄的照片
        5. 启动画面:切换启动图
        6. 设置:正在开发中
        7. 关闭:退出ui_clock
      2. GPIO操作
        1. 长按 大于等于 2秒 和 小于 3秒之间,界面显示YES时,执行确认操作
      3. 其他功能正在开发中

功能列表

  • 数字表盘
  • 启动画面:切换启动欢迎图界面
  • 相机:从USB摄像头拍照
  • 相册:查看摄像头拍照的列表
  • 孙悟空:集成wukong-robot,需细化功能需求
  • 加入MPU6050,进行姿态操作,增加甩飞Quark-N的几率
  • 实现设置界面的功能,可调整一些参数

与WuKong-robot共同使用

注意:需要先执行:Linux下声卡独占的原因和解决

  1. 备份原始自带的WuKong
    cd /home/pi/WorkSpace/WuKong
    mv wukong-robot wukong-robot_bak
  2. https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/wukong-in-quark-n 下载WuKong
    cd /home/pi/WorkSpace/WuKong
    git clone https://gitee.com/coolflyreg163/wukong-in-quark-n wukong-robot
  3. 创建所需目录,执行如下命令:
    mkdir /home/pi/WorkSpace/WuKong/wukong-robot/temp
    chmod 777 /home/pi/WorkSpace/WuKong/wukong-robot/temp
  4. 把这个库里的 /WuKong/contrib/LcdDisplay.py 替换到 /home/pi/.wukong/contrib/ 文件夹下的同名文件
    cp ~/GIT/quark-n/WuKong/contrib/LcdDisplay.py /home/pi/.wukong/contrib/
  5. 在 /home/pi/.wukong/config.yml 中添加配置。注意要符合格式
    quark_ui:
        api_host: 'http://127.0.0.1:4096'
        validate: '57b7d993ffbd75aca3fe2060cf204f93' 
        enable: true
  6. 目前snowboy的在线训练无法使用了,暂时在配置中改为:hotword: 'wukong.pmdl',唤醒词:孙悟空
  7. 其他可以参考wukong-robot原版的配置
  8. 如果需要使用悟空进行拍照,需要安装fswebcam,运行如下命令安装
    sudo apt-get install fswebcam
  9. 安装python3中的websocket的方法:
    sudo aptitude install python3-websocket python3-websockets

其他驱动

从ubuntu 16.04 升级到ubuntu 18.04 LTS

  1. 首先更新系统到最新版本,运行如下命令:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt dist-upgrade
  1. 安装update-manager-core,执行如下命令:
sudo apt-get install update-manager-core
  1. 执行系统升级,执行如下命令:
sudo do-release-upgrade

升级过程中遇到的问题

  1. 提示 “Your python3 install is corrupted. Please fix the ‘/usr/bin/python3’ symlink.”,执行如下命令:
sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3.5 /usr/bin/python3
  1. 如果还有问题仍然阻止升级,那么我们需要查看升级日志,来确定具体为什么原因无法升级
cat /var/log/dist-upgrade/main.log

升级到ubuntu 18.04 LTS后,按照如下步骤,安装ui_clock的依赖包

注意:升级后,python3的版本变为3.6.9,之前系统的3.5.2的包已经无法使用

  1. 首先安装python3的pip模块
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
  1. 安装python3的包 注意:安装pygame的时候,时间比较长,耐心等待
sudo python3 -m pip install fire 
sudo python3 -m pip install ruamel.yaml 
sudo python3 -m pip install pygame==1.9.6 
sudo python3 -m pip install python-periphery 
sudo python3 -m pip install PyYAML 
sudo python3 -m pip install Markdown 
sudo python3 -m pip install tornado 
sudo python3 -m pip install smbus
sudo python3 -m pip install Pillow
sudo python3 -m pip install numpy

注意:如果使用pip安装numpy失败,可以使用如下命令安装numpy

sudo apt-get install python3-numpy

从ubuntu 18.04 升级到ubuntu 20.04 LTS

升级的基本的步骤,和从16.04到18.04的步骤1、2、3里的命令是一毛一样的

注意,需要先从16.04升级到18.04

升级到ubuntu 20.04 LTS后,按照如下步骤,安装ui_clock的依赖包

  1. 安装python3的包 注意:安装pygame的时候,时间比较长,耐心等待
sudo python3 -m pip install fire 
sudo python3 -m pip install ruamel.yaml 
sudo python3 -m pip install pygame==1.9.6 
sudo python3 -m pip install python-periphery 
sudo python3 -m pip install PyYAML 
sudo python3 -m pip install Markdown 
sudo python3 -m pip install tornado 
sudo python3 -m pip install smbus
sudo python3 -m pip install Pillow
sudo python3 -m pip install numpy

升级到ubuntu 20.04 LTS后,无法使用远程桌面连接quark的xrdp的解决办法

  1. 下载xrdp文件夹里的两个文件,sesmain.ini和xrdp.ini
  2. 把这两个文件覆盖到quark上的路径 /etc/xrdp/ 下的同名文件,可以先备份下
  3. 重启quark

ubuntu的软件源

ubuntu 18.04的版本代号是bionic,ubuntu 20.04的版本的代号是focal

升级的时候,do-release-upgrade脚本中的部分会自动更换软件源。

也可以手动更换国内的源,链接如下:

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu-ports/
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If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. 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It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.

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