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Swoole是一个为PHP用C和C++编写的基于事件的高性能异步&协程并行网络通信引擎
Swoole中的网络请求处理是基于事件的，并且充分利用了底层的epoll / kqueue实现，使得为数百万个请求提供服务变得非常容易。
Swoole4使用全新的协程内核引擎，现在它拥有一个全职的开发团队，因此我们正在进入PHP历史上前所未有的时期，为性能的高速提升提供了独一无二的可能性。
Swoole4或更高版本拥有高可用性的内置协程，您可以使用完全同步的代码来实现异步性能，PHP代码没有任何额外的关键字，底层会自动进行协程调度。
开发者可以将协程理解为超轻量级的线程, 你可以非常容易地在一个进程中创建成千上万个协程。
并发1万个请求从MySQL读取海量数据仅需要0.2秒
$s = microtime(true);
Co\run(function() {
for ($c = 100; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$mysql = new Swoole\Coroutine\MySQL;
$mysql->connect([
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'user' => 'root',
'password' => 'root',
'database' => 'test'
]);
$statement = $mysql->prepare('SELECT * FROM `user`');
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$result = $statement->execute();
assert(count($result) > 0);
}
});
}
});
echo 'use ' . (microtime(true) - $s) . ' s';
你可以在一个事件循环上创建多个服务：TCP，HTTP，Websocket和HTTP2，并且能轻松承载上万请求。
function tcp_pack(string $data): string
{
return pack('N', strlen($data)) . $data;
}
function tcp_unpack(string $data): string
{
return substr($data, 4, unpack('N', substr($data, 0, 4))[1]);
}
$tcp_options = [
'open_length_check' => true,
'package_length_type' => 'N',
'package_length_offset' => 0,
'package_body_offset' => 4
];
$server = new Swoole\WebSocket\Server('127.0.0.1', 9501, SWOOLE_BASE);
$server->set(['open_http2_protocol' => true]);
// http && http2
$server->on('request', function (Swoole\Http\Request $request, Swoole\Http\Response $response) {
$response->end('Hello ' . $request->rawcontent());
});
// websocket
$server->on('message', function (Swoole\WebSocket\Server $server, Swoole\WebSocket\Frame $frame) {
$server->push($frame->fd, 'Hello ' . $frame->data);
});
// tcp
$tcp_server = $server->listen('127.0.0.1', 9502, SWOOLE_TCP);
$tcp_server->set($tcp_options);
$tcp_server->on('receive', function (Swoole\Server $server, int $fd, int $reactor_id, string $data) {
$server->send($fd, tcp_pack('Hello ' . tcp_unpack($data)));
});
$server->start();
不管是DNS查询抑或是发送请求和接收响应，都是协程调度的，不会产生任何阻塞。
go(function () {
// http
$http_client = new Swoole\Coroutine\Http\Client('127.0.0.1', 9501);
assert($http_client->post('/', 'Swoole Http'));
var_dump($http_client->body);
// websocket
$http_client->upgrade('/');
$http_client->push('Swoole Websocket');
var_dump($http_client->recv()->data);
});
go(function () {
// http2
$http2_client = new Swoole\Coroutine\Http2\Client('localhost', 9501);
$http2_client->connect();
$http2_request = new Swoole\Http2\Request;
$http2_request->method = 'POST';
$http2_request->data = 'Swoole Http2';
$http2_client->send($http2_request);
$http2_response = $http2_client->recv();
var_dump($http2_response->data);
});
go(function () use ($tcp_options) {
// tcp
$tcp_client = new Swoole\Coroutine\Client(SWOOLE_TCP);
$tcp_client->set($tcp_options);
$tcp_client->connect('127.0.0.1', 9502);
$tcp_client->send(tcp_pack('Swoole Tcp'));
var_dump(tcp_unpack($tcp_client->recv()));
});
通道(Channel)是协程之间通信交换数据的唯一渠道, 而协程+通道的开发组合即为著名的CSP编程模型。
在Swoole开发中，Channel常用于连接池的实现和协程并发的调度。
在以下示例中，我们并发了一千个redis请求，通常的情况下，这已经超过了Redis最大的连接数，将会抛出连接异常， 但基于Channel实现的连接池可以完美地调度请求，开发者就无需担心连接过载。
class RedisPool
{
/**@var \Swoole\Coroutine\Channel */
protected $pool;
/**
* RedisPool constructor.
* @param int $size max connections
*/
public function __construct(int $size = 100)
{
$this->pool = new \Swoole\Coroutine\Channel($size);
for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
$redis = new \Swoole\Coroutine\Redis();
$res = $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
if ($res == false) {
throw new \RuntimeException("failed to connect redis server.");
} else {
$this->put($redis);
}
}
}
public function get(): \Swoole\Coroutine\Redis
{
return $this->pool->pop();
}
public function put(\Swoole\Coroutine\Redis $redis)
{
$this->pool->push($redis);
}
public function close(): void
{
$this->pool->close();
$this->pool = null;
}
}
go(function () {
$pool = new RedisPool();
// max concurrency num is more than max connections
// but it's no problem, channel will help you with scheduling
for ($c = 0; $c < 1000; $c++) {
go(function () use ($pool, $c) {
for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) {
$redis = $pool->get();
assert($redis->set("awesome-{$c}-{$n}", 'swoole'));
assert($redis->get("awesome-{$c}-{$n}") === 'swoole');
assert($redis->delete("awesome-{$c}-{$n}"));
$pool->put($redis);
}
});
}
});
Swoole的部分客户端实现了defer机制来进行并发，但你依然可以用协程和通道的组合来灵活地实现它。
go(function () {
// User: I need you to bring me some information back.
// Channel: OK! I will be responsible for scheduling.
$channel = new Swoole\Coroutine\Channel;
go(function () use ($channel) {
// Coroutine A: Ok! I will show you the github addr info
$addr_info = Co::getaddrinfo('github.com');
$channel->push(['A', json_encode($addr_info, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT)]);
});
go(function () use ($channel) {
// Coroutine B: Ok! I will show you what your code look like
$mirror = Co::readFile(__FILE__);
$channel->push(['B', $mirror]);
});
go(function () use ($channel) {
// Coroutine C: Ok! I will show you the date
$channel->push(['C', date(DATE_W3C)]);
});
for ($i = 3; $i--;) {
list($id, $data) = $channel->pop();
echo "From {$id}:\n {$data}\n";
}
// User: Amazing, I got every information at earliest time!
});
$id = Swoole\Timer::tick(100, function () {
echo "⚙️ Do something...\n";
});
Swoole\Timer::after(500, function () use ($id) {
Swoole\Timer::clear($id);
echo "⏰ Done\n";
});
Swoole\Timer::after(1000, function () use ($id) {
if (!Swoole\Timer::exists($id)) {
echo "✅ All right!\n";
}
});
go(function () {
$i = 0;
while (true) {
Co::sleep(0.1);
echo "📝 Do something...\n";
if (++$i === 5) {
echo "🛎 Done\n";
break;
}
}
echo "🎉 All right!\n";
});
Swoole提供了多种类命名规则以满足不同开发者的爱好
在最新版本的Swoole中，我们添加了一项新功能，使PHP原生的同步网络库一键化成为协程库。
只需在脚本顶部调用Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine()方法并使用php-redis，并发1万个请求从Redis读取数据仅需0.1秒！
Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine();
$s = microtime(true);
Co\run(function() {
for ($c = 100; $c--;) {
go(function () {
($redis = new Redis)->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
assert($redis->get('awesome') === 'swoole');
}
});
}
});
echo 'use ' . (microtime(true) - $s) . ' s';
调用它之后，Swoole内核将替换ZendVM中的Stream函数指针，如果使用基于php_stream的扩展，则所有套接字操作都可以在运行时动态转换为协程调度的异步IO。
睡眠1万次，读取，写入，检查和删除文件1万次，使用PDO和MySQLi与数据库通信1万次，创建TCP服务器和多个客户端相互通信1万次，创建UDP服务器和多个客户端相互通信1万次......一切都在一个进程中完美完成！
Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine();
$s = microtime(true);
Co\run(function() {
// i just want to sleep...
for ($c = 100; $c--;) {
go(function () {
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
usleep(1000);
}
});
}
// 10k file read and write
for ($c = 100; $c--;) {
go(function () use ($c) {
$tmp_filename = "/tmp/test-{$c}.php";
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$self = file_get_contents(__FILE__);
file_put_contents($tmp_filename, $self);
assert(file_get_contents($tmp_filename) === $self);
}
unlink($tmp_filename);
});
}
// 10k pdo and mysqli read
for ($c = 50; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test;charset=utf8', 'root', 'root');
$statement = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM `user`');
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$statement->execute();
assert(count($statement->fetchAll()) > 0);
}
});
}
for ($c = 50; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$mysqli = new Mysqli('127.0.0.1', 'root', 'root', 'test');
$statement = $mysqli->prepare('SELECT `id` FROM `user`');
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$statement->bind_result($id);
$statement->execute();
$statement->fetch();
assert($id > 0);
}
});
}
// php_stream tcp server & client with 12.8k requests in single process
function tcp_pack(string $data): string
{
return pack('n', strlen($data)) . $data;
}
function tcp_length(string $head): int
{
return unpack('n', $head)[1];
}
go(function () {
$ctx = stream_context_create(['socket' => ['so_reuseaddr' => true, 'backlog' => 128]]);
$socket = stream_socket_server(
'tcp://0.0.0.0:9502',
$errno, $errstr, STREAM_SERVER_BIND | STREAM_SERVER_LISTEN, $ctx
);
if (!$socket) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)\n";
} else {
$i = 0;
while ($conn = stream_socket_accept($socket, 1)) {
stream_set_timeout($conn, 5);
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$data = fread($conn, tcp_length(fread($conn, 2)));
assert($data === "Hello Swoole Server #{$n}!");
fwrite($conn, tcp_pack("Hello Swoole Client #{$n}!"));
}
if (++$i === 128) {
fclose($socket);
break;
}
}
}
});
for ($c = 128; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$fp = stream_socket_client("tcp://127.0.0.1:9502", $errno, $errstr, 1);
if (!$fp) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)\n";
} else {
stream_set_timeout($fp, 5);
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
fwrite($fp, tcp_pack("Hello Swoole Server #{$n}!"));
$data = fread($fp, tcp_length(fread($fp, 2)));
assert($data === "Hello Swoole Client #{$n}!");
}
fclose($fp);
}
});
}
// udp server & client with 12.8k requests in single process
go(function () {
$socket = new Swoole\Coroutine\Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
$socket->bind('127.0.0.1', 9503);
$client_map = [];
for ($c = 128; $c--;) {
for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) {
$recv = $socket->recvfrom($peer);
$client_uid = "{$peer['address']}:{$peer['port']}";
$id = $client_map[$client_uid] = ($client_map[$client_uid] ?? -1) + 1;
assert($recv === "Client: Hello #{$id}!");
$socket->sendto($peer['address'], $peer['port'], "Server: Hello #{$id}!");
}
}
$socket->close();
});
for ($c = 128; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$fp = stream_socket_client("udp://127.0.0.1:9503", $errno, $errstr, 1);
if (!$fp) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)\n";
} else {
for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) {
fwrite($fp, "Client: Hello #{$n}!");
$recv = fread($fp, 1024);
list($address, $port) = explode(':', (stream_socket_get_name($fp, true)));
assert($address === '127.0.0.1' && (int)$port === 9503);
assert($recv === "Server: Hello #{$n}!");
}
fclose($fp);
}
});
}
});
echo 'use ' . (microtime(true) - $s) . ' s';
和任何开源项目一样, Swoole总是在最新的发行版提供最可靠的稳定性和最强的功能, 请尽量保证你使用的是最新版本
pecl install swoole
非内核开发研究之用途, 请下载发布版本的源码编译
cd swoole-src && \
phpize && \
./configure && \
make && sudo make install
编译安装到系统成功后, 需要在php.ini中加入一行extension=swoole.so来启用Swoole扩展
使用例子:
./configure --enable-openssl --enable-sockets
--enable-openssl 或 --with-openssl-dir=DIR
--enable-sockets--enable-http2--enable-mysqlnd (需要 mysqlnd, 只是为了支持mysql->escape方法)⚠️ 如果你要从源码升级, 别忘记在源码目录执行
make clean
pecl upgrade swoolegit pull && cd swoole-src && make clean && make && sudo make installphpize clean && phpize后重新编译echo "hello world"一样简单安全问题应通过电子邮件私下报告给Swoole开发团队team@swoole.com。您将会在24小时内收到回复，若由于某些原因您没有收到回复，请再次通过电子邮件跟进以确保我们收到了您的原始消息。
非常欢迎您对Swoole的开发作出贡献！
你可以选择以下方式向Swoole贡献：
项目的发展离不开以下贡献者的努力! [Contributor].
Apache License Version 2.0 see http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
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