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README
Apache-2.0

一、SpringCloud Alibaba介绍

  • 服务限流降级:默认支持 WebServlet、WebFlux, OpenFeign、RestTemplate、Spring Cloud Gateway, Zuul, Dubbo 和 RocketMQ 限流降级功能的接入, 可以在运行时通过控制台实时修改限流降级规则,还支持查看限流降级 Metrics 监控。
  • 服务注册与发现:适配 Spring Cloud 服务注册与发现标准,默认集成了 Ribbon 的支持。
  • 分布式配置管理:支持分布式系统中的外部化配置,配置更改时自动刷新。
  • 消息驱动能力:基于 Spring Cloud Stream 为微服务应用构建消息驱动能力。
  • 分布式事务:使用 @GlobalTransactional 注解, 高效并且对业务零侵入地解决分布式事务问题。
  • 阿里云对象存储:阿里云提供的海量、安全、低成本、高可靠的云存储服务。支持在任何应用、任何时间、任何地点存储和访问任意类型的数据。
  • 分布式任务调度:提供秒级、精准、高可靠、高可用的定时(基于 Cron 表达式)任务调度服务。同时提供分布式的任务执行模型,如网格任务。 网格任务支持海量子任务均匀分配到所有Worker(schedulerx-client)上执行。
  • 阿里云短信服务:覆盖全球的短信服务,友好、高效、智能的互联化通讯能力,帮助企业迅速搭建客户触达通道。

二、组件

  • Sentinel:把流量作为切入点,从流量控制、熔断降级、系统负载保护等多个维度保护服务的稳定性。
  • Nacos:一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台。
  • RocketMQ:一款开源的分布式消息系统,基于高可用分布式集群技术,提供低延时的、高可靠的消息发布与订阅服务。
  • Dubbo:Apache Dubbo™ 是一款高性能 Java RPC 框架。
  • Seata:阿里巴巴开源产品,一个易于使用的高性能微服务分布式事务解决方案。
  • Alibaba Cloud ACM:一款在分布式架构环境中对应用配置进行集中管理和推送的应用配置中心产品。
  • Alibaba Cloud OSS: 阿里云对象存储服务(Object Storage Service,简称 OSS),是阿里云提 供的海量、安全、低成本、高可靠的云存储服务。您可以在任何应用、任何时间、任何地点存储和访问任意类型的数据。
  • Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX: 阿里中间件团队开发的一款分布式任务调度产品,提供秒级、精准、高可靠、高可用的定时(基于 Cron 表达式)任务调度服务。
  • Alibaba Cloud SMS: 覆盖全球的短信服务,友好、高效、智能的互联化通讯能力,帮助企业迅速搭建客户触达通道。

三、案例准备

1、技术选型

  • maven:3.3.9
  • 数据库:MySQL 5.7
  • 持久层: SpingData Jpa
  • 其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

2、模块设计

  • springcloud-alibaba 父工程
  • shop-common 公共模块【实体类】
  • shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 807x】
  • shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 808x】
  • shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 809x】

四、流行组件

1、API网关

  • Ngnix+lua 使用nginx的反向代理和负载均衡可实现对api服务器的负载均衡及高可用lua是一种脚本语言,可以来编写一些简单的逻辑, nginx支持lua脚本
  • Kong 基于Nginx+Lua开发,性能高,稳定,有多个可用的插件(限流、鉴权等等)可以开箱即用。 问题: 只支持Http协议;二次开发,自由扩展困难;提供管理API,缺乏更易用的管控、配置方式。
  • Zuul Netflix开源的网关,功能丰富,使用JAVA开发,易于二次开发 问题:缺乏管控,无法动态配 置;依赖组件较多;处理Http请求依赖的是Web容器,性能不如Nginx
  • Spring Cloud Gateway Spring公司为了替换Zuul而开发的网关服务,将在下面具体介绍。
注意:SpringCloud alibaba技术栈中并没有提供自己的网关,我们可以采用Spring Cloud Gateway

来做网关

2、注册中心

  • Zookeeper zookeeper是一个分布式服务框架,是Apache Hadoop 的一个子项目,它主要是用来解决分布式 应用中经常遇到的一些数据管理问题,如:统一命名服务、状态同步服务、集群管理、分布式应用 配置项的管理等。
  • Eureka Eureka是Springcloud Netflix中的重要组件,主要作用就是做服务注册和发现。但是现在已经闭 源
  • Consul Consul是基于GO语言开发的开源工具,主要面向分布式,服务化的系统提供服务注册、服务发现 和配置管理的功能。Consul的功能都很实用,其中包括:服务注册/发现、健康检查、Key/Value 存储、多数据中心和分布式一致性保证等特性。Consul本身只是一个二进制的可执行文件,所以 安装和部署都非常简单,只需要从官网下载后,在执行对应的启动脚本即可。
  • Nacos Nacos是一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台。它是 Spring Cloud Alibaba 组件之一,负责服务注册发现和服务配置,可以这样认为nacos=eureka+config。

3、链路追踪

  • cat 由大众点评开源,基于Java开发的实时应用监控平台,包括实时应用监控,业务监控 。 集成 方案是通过代码埋点的方式来实现监控,比如: 拦截器,过滤器等。 对代码的侵入性很大,集成成本较高。风险较大。
  • zipkin 由Twitter公司开源,开放源代码分布式的跟踪系统,用于收集服务的定时数据,以解决微服务架构中的延迟问题, 包括:数据的收集、存储、查找和展现。该产品结合spring-cloud-sleuth使用较为简单, 集成很方便, 但是功能较简单。
  • pinpoint Pinpoint是韩国人开源的基于字节码注入的调用链分析,以及应用监控分析工具。特点是支持多种插件,UI功能强大,接入端无代码侵入。
  • skywalking SkyWalking是本土开源的基于字节码注入的调用链分析,以及应用监控分析工具。特点是支持多种插件,UI功能较强,接入端无代码侵入。 目前已加入Apache孵化器。
  • Sleuth SpringCloud 提供的分布式系统中链路追踪解决方案。
注意:SpringCloud alibaba技术栈中并没有提供自己的链路追踪技术的,我们可以采用Sleuth +Zinkin来做链路追踪解决方案

4、常见的MQ产品

目前业界有很多MQ产品,比较出名的有下面这些:

  • ZeroMQ 号称最快的消息队列系统,尤其针对大吞吐量的需求场景。扩展性好,开发比较灵活,采用C语言 实现,实际上只是一个socket库的重新封装,如果做为消息队列使用,需要开发大量的代码。 ZeroMQ仅提供非持久性的队列,也就是说如果down机,数据将会丢失。
  • RabbitMQ 使用erlang语言开发,性能较好,适合于企业级的开发。但是不利于做二次开发和维护。
  • ActiveMQ 历史悠久的Apache开源项目。已经在很多产品中得到应用,实现了JMS1.1规范,可以和spring- jms轻松融合,实现了多种协议,支持持久化到数据库,对队列数较多的情况支持不好。
  • RocketMQ 阿里巴巴的MQ中间件,由java语言开发,性能非常好,能够撑住双十一的大流量,而且使用起来 很简单。
  • Kafka Kafka是Apache下的一个子项目,是一个高性能跨语言分布式Publish/Subscribe消息队列系统, 相对于ActiveMQ是一个非常轻量级的消息系统,除了性能非常好之外,还是一个工作良好的分布 式系统。

五、学习问题

配置文件优先级(由高到低):

bootstrap.properties -> bootstrap.yml -> application.properties -> application.yml

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简介

Spring Cloud Alibaba 致力于提供微服务开发的一站式解决方案。此项目包含开发分布式应用微服 务的必需组件,方便开发者通过 Spring Cloud 编程模型轻松使用这些组件来开发分布式应用服务。 依托 Spring Cloud Alibaba,您只需要添加一些注解和少量配置,就可以将 Spring Cloud 应用接 入阿里微服务解决方案,通过阿里中间件来迅速搭建分布式应用系统。 展开 收起
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