代码拉取完成，页面将自动刷新
Docker通过隔离机制，可以将服务器利用到了极致。
容器化技术
==容器化技术不是模拟的一个完整的操作系统==
镜像（image）：
docker镜像好比一个模板，可以通过这个模板来创建容器服务，tomcat镜像==>》run ==》 tomcat01容器（提供服务器），通过这个镜像可以创建多个容器（最终服务运行或者项目运行就是在容器中）。
容器（container）：
Docker利用容器技术，独立运行一个或者一个组应用，通过镜像来创建的。
启动，停止，删除，基本命令！
仓库（repository）：
仓库就是存放镜像的地方！
环境准备 CentOS 7
环境查看
# 系统内核是 3.10 以上的
[root@Wang /]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
# 系统环境
[root@Wang /]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
帮助文档：
# 1、卸载旧的版本
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 2、需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
# 3、设置镜像仓库
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 默认是从国外的！
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 推荐使用阿里云的
# 更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast
# 4、安装docker相关的内容 docker-ce 社区
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 5、启动docker
systemctl start docker
# 6、使用 docker version 是否安装成功！
# 7、hello-world
docker run hello-world
# 8、查看一下下载的这个hello-world镜像
[root@Wang ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 16 months ago 13.3kB
了解：卸载docker
# 1、卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 2、删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker # docker默认工作路径
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
1、登录阿里云找到容器镜像服务
2、配置使用
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://qfjygl3u.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
Docker是怎么工作的？
Docker是一个Client-Server结构的系统，Docker的守护进程运行在主机上，通过Socket从客户端访问！
DockerServer接受到Docker-Client的指令，就会执行这个命令！
docker version # 显示docker版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/
**docker images ** 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@Wang ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 16 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@Wang ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 13741 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5242 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 727 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 599 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名:tag
[root@Wang ~]# docker pull mysql
# 指定版本下载
[root@Wang ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id # 删除多个镜像
[root@Wang ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 13 months ago 448MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 16 months ago 13.3kB
# 删除hello-world 通过id删除
[root@Wang ~]# docker rmi -f feb5d9fea6a5
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:2498fce14358aa50ead0cc6c19990fc6ff866ce72aeb5546e1d59caac3d0d60f
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器
docker pull centos
新建镜像并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02，用来区分
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@Wang ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@a1afe9f99dd6 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos，基本版本，很多命令不完善
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@a1afe9f99dd6 /]# exit
exit
[root@Wang /]# ls
bin data etc lib lost+found mnt patch root sbin sys usr www
boot dev home lib64 media opt proc run srv tmp var
docker run -p 1234:1234 -it fed440038981 /bin/bash
docker exec -it 354e4cf9e32f /bin/bash
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
[root@Wang ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a1afe9f99dd6 centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago flamboyant_booth
904a45d59a92 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago focused_lalande
退出容器
exit # 容器退出并停止
Ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@Wang ~]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps，发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑，容器使用后台运行后，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
查看容器中进程信息ps
docker top
[root@Wang ~]# docker top 5cac1fea830f
'UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 30121 30100 0 22:42 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令docker inspect 容器id
[
{
"Id": "88d23bcbe1f28e1f8ae5d2b63fa8d57d2abcbdacf193db05852f4f74a95b9ffe",
"Created": "2022-07-29T08:23:56.862239223Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 21212,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-07-29T08:23:57.109766809Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/88d23bcbe1f28e1f8ae5d2b63fa8d57d2abcbdacf193db05852f4f74a95b9ffe/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/88d23bcbe1f28e1f8ae5d2b63fa8d57d2abcbdacf193db05852f4f74a95b9ffe/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/88d23bcbe1f28e1f8ae5d2b63fa8d57d2abcbdacf193db05852f4f74a95b9ffe/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/88d23bcbe1f28e1f8ae5d2b63fa8d57d2abcbdacf193db05852f4f74a95b9ffe/88d23bcbe1f28e1f8ae5d2b63fa8d57d2abcbdacf193db05852f4f74a95b9ffe-json.log",
"Name": "/silly_lichterman",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/59b088d44f6e67f4ed336de44d19a5784c1a13fa856760bd2b166c4a4d421e2b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7fc43e24b63e4656ab7e7718d3e4ef5297fe82509452be305a01605a7cdc3b97/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/59b088d44f6e67f4ed336de44d19a5784c1a13fa856760bd2b166c4a4d421e2b/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/59b088d44f6e67f4ed336de44d19a5784c1a13fa856760bd2b166c4a4d421e2b/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/59b088d44f6e67f4ed336de44d19a5784c1a13fa856760bd2b166c4a4d421e2b/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "88d23bcbe1f2",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "bfc28d2ba671adfe5c93325173b93c335d50d8b017eed4fdce2ab75410d6ac2e",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/bfc28d2ba671",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "ad0252d454e751e2c5ecef24e64c32b0884c53242925bd66e9e5dbf5542af179",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "7254ffccbdf53e0c72c1d19252980f04fa65153ea3c7ca72af55cfac504cbe3f",
"EndpointID": "ad0252d454e751e2c5ecef24e64c32b0884c53242925bd66e9e5dbf5542af179",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
# 测试
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
88d23bcbe1f2 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes silly_lichterman
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ ~]# docker exec -it 88d23bcbe1f2 /bin/bash
[root@88d23bcbe1f2 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 08:23 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
root 841 0 0 08:37 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 858 1 0 08:37 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 859 841 0 08:37 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ ~]# docker attach 88d23bcbe1f2
正在执行当前的代码...
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以再里面操作（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程。
从容器内拷文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机的路径
# 进入到容器内部
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ home]# docker attach 6eda31ad7987
[root@6eda31ad7987 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@6eda31ad7987 /]# cd /home/
[root@6eda31ad7987 home]# ls
# 在容器的/home路径下创建test.java文件
[root@6eda31ad7987 home]# touch test.java
[root@6eda31ad7987 home]# ls
test.java
[root@6eda31ad7987 home]# exit
exit
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6eda31ad7987 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 28 seconds ago stoic_kepler
# 将文件拷贝出来到主机上（在主机上执行该命令）
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ home]# docker cp 6eda31ad7987:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ home]# ls
test.java
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现，自动同步（容器内的/home路径和主机上的/home路径打通）
下载镜像：pull
docker pull ngin
启动nginx
# -d 后台运行
# --name="ngin" 给容器命名
# -p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ ~]# docker run -d --name nginx -p 3344:80 nginx
6e02190a50bc8d79653ffa88f6b5c143d79c5ac3257d5d5ed6a01247980fb48a
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6e02190a50bc nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 18 seconds ago Up 17 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp nginx-1
# 进入容器
[root@iZbp13qr3mm4ucsjumrlgqZ ~]# docker exec -it a1e130aa184d /bin/bash
root@a1e130aa184d:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@a1e130aa184d:/# cd /etc/nginx/
root@a1e130aa184d:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params
本机测试
[root@Wang ~]# curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
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