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PolarDB for PostgreSQL

阿里云自主研发的云原生数据库产品

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什么是 PolarDB for PostgreSQL

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PolarDB for PostgreSQL(下文简称为 PolarDB)是一款阿里云自主研发的云原生数据库产品,100% 兼容 PostgreSQL,采用基于 Shared-Storage 的存储计算分离架构,具有极致弹性、毫秒级延迟、HTAP 的能力。

  1. 极致弹性:存储与计算能力均可独立地横向扩展。
    • 当计算能力不够时,可以单独扩展计算集群,数据无需复制
    • 当存储容量或 I/O 不够时,可以单独扩展存储集群,而不中断业务
  2. 毫秒级延迟:
    • WAL 日志存储在共享存储上,RW 到所有 RO 之间仅复制 WAL 日志的元数据
    • 独创的 LogIndex 技术,实现了 Lazy 回放和 Parallel 回放,最大程度地缩小了 RW 和 RO 节点间的延迟
  3. HTAP 能力:基于 Shared-Storage 的分布式并行执行框架,加速在 OLTP 场景下的 OLAP 查询。一套 OLTP 型的数据,可支持 2 套计算引擎:
    • 单机执行引擎:处理高并发的 TP 型负载
    • 分布式执行引擎:处理大查询的 AP 型负载

PolarDB 还支持时空、GIS、图像、向量、搜索、图谱等多模创新特性,应对企业对数据处理日新月异的需求。

分支说明

POLARDB_11_STABLE 为稳定分支,持存储计算分离的云原生形态。 distribute 分支支持分布式形态。

产品架构

PolarDB for PostgreSQL 采用了基于 Shared-Storage 的存储计算分离架构。数据库由传统的 Share-Nothing 架构,转变成了 Shared-Storage 架构。由原来的 N 份计算 + N 份存储,转变成了 N 份计算 + 1 份存储。虽然共享存储上数据是一份,但是数据在各节点内存中的状态是不同的,需要通过内存状态的同步来维护数据的一致性;同时主节点在刷脏时也需要做协调,避免只读节点读取到超前的 “未来页面”,也要避免只读节点读取到过时的没有在内存中被正确回放的 “过去页面”。为了解决该问题,PolarDB 创造性地设计了 LogIndex 数据结构来维护页面的回放历史,该结构能够实现主节点与只读节点之间的同步。

在存储计算分离后,I/O 单路延迟变大的同时,I/O 的吞吐也变大了。在处理分析型查询时,仅使用单个只读节点无法发挥出存储侧的大 I/O 带宽优势,也无法利用其他只读节点的 CPU、内存和 I/O 资源。为了解决该问题,PolarDB 研发了基于 Shared-Storage 的并行执行引擎,能够在 SQL 级别上弹性利用任意数目的 CPU 来加速分析查询,支持 HTAP 的混合负载场景。

详情请查阅 产品架构

快速部署

如果您已安装 Docker,那么可以从 DockerHub 上拉取 PolarDB for PostgreSQL 的 本地存储实例镜像,创建、运行并进入容器,然后直接使用 PolarDB 实例:

# 拉取单节点 PolarDB 镜像
docker pull polardb/polardb_pg_local_instance
# 创建运行并进入容器
docker run -it --rm polardb/polardb_pg_local_instance psql
# 测试实例可用性
postgres=# SELECT version();
            version
--------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 11.9 (POLARDB 11.9)
(1 row)

对于更多进阶部署方式,请移步在线文档中的 进阶部署。在部署前,了解 PolarDB for PostgreSQL 的 架构简介 能够深化对每个步骤的理解。

开发

参考 开发指南 进行源码编译和开发。

文档

请移步本项目的 在线文档网站 查阅完整文档。

如果需要在本地预览或开发文档,请参考 贡献文档

参与贡献

我们诚挚欢迎社区参与 PolarDB for PostgreSQL 的贡献,无论是代码还是文档。

以下是贡献者列表(由 contrib.rocks 支持):

软件许可

PolarDB for PostgreSQL 的源代码遵循 Apache 2.0 许可证,基于遵循 PostgreSQL 许可证的 PostgreSQL 开发。其中还包含了部分遵循其它开源许可证的第三方组件。请移步 LICENSENOTICE 了解更多信息。

致谢

部分代码和设计思路参考了其他开源项目,例如:PG-XC/XL (pgxc_ctl)、TBase (部分基于时间戳的 vacuum 和 MVCC)、Greenplum 以及 Citus (pg_cron)。感谢以上开源项目的贡献。

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简介

PolarDB 是阿里云自研的数据库产品家族,采用存储计算分离、软硬一体化设计,既拥有分布式设计的低成本优势,又具有集中式的易用性,可满足大规模应用场景需求 展开 收起
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