pgindent'ing Greenplum Code
============================
On upstream Postgres, pgindent is run before major releases to maintain a
uniform layout style across the codebase. However, pgindent is not run as
regularly against the GPDB codebase.

Ideally, all GPDB code should be kept pgindent'ed consistently, but currently it
is not. The reason for this is that GPDB is composed of several types of code:
1. Code originating from Postgres 8.3
2. Code originating from Postgres 8.4
3. Code that was cherry-picked from a newer version of Postgres
4. Code that was purely written for GPDB
5. A Frankenstein-like mix of code originating from many places

To further complicate matters, pgindent formatting rules have changed between
Postgres releases and the version of the pgindent binaries living in the GPDB
repository was actually cherry-picked from 9.1 (before it was later removed).

UPSTREAM CODE:

Because there are plans to merge commits from newer versions of Postgres into
GPDB, upstream code should not be pgindent'ed using newer versions of pgindent.
For example, if code originating from Postgres 8.3 was pgindent'ed using the
newest pgindent binaries, there would be merge conflicts when commits from
Postgres 8.4 were cherry-picked on top of it.

PURE GPDB CODE:

For these files, using the latest pgindent binaries seems to make the most sense.
It has been run on certain GPDB-only directories, such as
`src/backend/access/appendonly` and `src/backend/cdb`:
https://github.com/greenplum-db/gpdb/pull/3384
https://github.com/greenplum-db/gpdb/pull/3400
https://github.com/greenplum-db/gpdb/pull/3423

OTHER CODE:

For GPDB-specific code that lives in files inherited from upstream PostgreSQL,
there is no clear answer, especially if it is a mix of code from different
versions of Postgres. One possible answer is to only pgindent GPDB code that
is added into that file using the version of pgindent corresponding to the
newest version of Postgres code that appears in the file.

CONCLUSION:

Although it is always awkward, pgindent'ing code is a good practice in general
if done understanding the above constraints.


DOING THE INDENT RUN:

For the reasons mentioned above, the pgindent binaries were removed from GPDB
and the below practice is instead recommended.

1. Determine which version of pgindent you need.
2. Download that version of the Postgres code.
3. Run pgindent by following the `src/tools/pgindent/README` of the downloaded
Postgres code, but using the `src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list` provided with
GPDB.

For example, running the latest version of the Postgres pgindent tool against
`src/backend/access/appendonly/aosegfiles.c` will produce no diffs because
that file is following the latest pgindent rules:
```bash
~/workspace/postgres/src/tools/pgindent/pgindent ~/workspace/gpdb/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list ~/workspace/gpdb/src/backend/access/appendonly/aosegfiles.c
```

However, running it against `src/backend/main/main.c` which originated from
Postgres 8.3 (as of this writing) will produce diffs:
```bash
~/workspace/postgres/src/tools/pgindent/pgindent \
	~/workspace/gpdb/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list \
	~/workspace/gpdb/src/backend/main/main.c
```


Updating typedefs.list
======================
typedefs.list contains a list of all the data structures in the GPDB code. It is
constantly changing (perhaps every day) and also varies depending on the
configure flags passed when compiling GPDB. It is thus not easy to keep
up-to-date in a GitHub repository. Postgres gets around this issue by using
a BuildFarm (see the upstream pgindent README).

We provide an out-of-date typedefs.list in the GPDB pgindent folder for
convenience, but it is recommended that you update it before running pgindent.

The below commands were used to generate typedefs.list from a GPDB postgres
binary built on Concourse, but they might not work on Mac or other environments.
```bash
objdump -W postgres |\
 egrep -A3 DW_TAG_typedef |\
 perl -e ' while (<>) { chomp; @flds = split;next unless (1 < @flds);\
     next if $flds[0]  ne "DW_AT_name" && $flds[1] ne "DW_AT_name";\
     next if $flds[-1] =~ /^DW_FORM_str/;\
     print $flds[-1],"\n"; }'  |\
 sort | uniq > typedefs.list
```


Editor Code Style Configuration
===============================
The `src/tools/editors` directory contains sample settings that can be used with
the emacs, xemacs, vim and CLion editors, that assist in keeping to PostgreSQL
coding standards.