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README
MulanPSL-2.0

Rust-Shyper

A Reliable Embedded Hypervisor Supporting VM Migration and Hypervisor Live-Update

English Version README click here

介绍

Rust-Shyper 是一个使用高级语言Rust编写的面向嵌入式场景的Type-1型虚拟机监视器(Hypervisor)。其设计目标在于提高资源利用率的同时,同时保障虚拟机实时性、隔离性与可靠性的需求。为达成上述目的,首先Rust-Shyper选用Rust作为编程语言,利用语言本身的安全特性提升代码质量,从语言层面保障系统软件的可靠性。其次,为了保障虚拟机的隔离性需求,Rust-Shyper针对CPU、中断、设备、内存等公共资源实现了有效的隔离策略,保证了同一资源被不同虚拟机共享的同时,虚拟机无法越界访问不属于当前虚拟机的资源。另外,为了保障虚拟机实时性需求,Rust-Shyper实现了中断部分直通机制以及中介传递设备模型,有效缩减虚拟化对实时性能的影响。最后,为了进一步保障监视器可靠性,本项目实现了虚拟机迁移(VM migration)以及监视器动态升级(Hypervisor Live-update)两种热更新机制修复虚拟机监视器可能存在的代码漏洞。

Rust-Shyper是由北航计算机学院操作系统研究团队,在华为技术有限公司资助下开发完成。

目前支持的硬件平台

下表是目前Rust-Shyper已经支持(或正在开发中)的硬件平台:

aarch64

  • NVIDIA Jetson TX2
  • Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
  • QEMU (note that VM migration and Hypervisor Live-update is not supported on QEMU)
  • Firefly ROC-RK3588S-PC (note that VM migration and Hypervisor Live-update is not supported on ROC-RK3588S-PC)

如何编译

编译需要的工具:

只需要使用make工具即可

make <platform>

例如, make tx2 是编译Rust-Shyper的TX2版本。具体可查看Makefile文件。

主要注意的是,请在编译前,根据需求编辑管理虚拟机(MVM)的配置文件。该文件的路径是 src/config/<plat>_def.rs.

RK3588的支持

目前已经支持Firefly ROC-RK3588S-PC平台,并提供了完整的用户使用手册和相应的附件,具体可以参考Firefly ROC-RK3588S-PC平台的使用

MVM的需求

MVM 是一个可以通过Hypervisor提供的私有特权接口来监控其他虚拟机状态的特权虚拟机,通常情况是一个Linux。我们为MVM实现了一个单独的Linux内核模块。通过改内核模块,MVM可以发起Hypercall来实现诸如虚拟机配置、虚拟机迁移、Hypervisor动态升级等功能。

通常情况下,MVM仅允许存在一个,且MVM会独占0号核心。

该内核模块在如下系统作为MVM时,经测试可以正常运行:NVIDIA L4T 32.6.1 (for Jestion TX2), Linux 4.9.140/5.10.160 (for QEMU), Linux 5.10.160 (for Firefly ROC-RK3588S-PC).

如何启动客户虚拟机(Guest VM)

由boot-loader(如u-boot等)加载并启动Rust-Shyper镜像。Rust-Shyper完成初始化后,会自动启动MVM。

登录到MVM中,以QEMU为例,按照如下步骤,就可以配置并启动客户虚拟机了。

Step 1: 安装内核模块

insmod tools/shyper.ko

Step 2: 启动shyper-cli守护进程

注:shyper-cli是Rust-Shyper配套的一个简单的命令行工具,以二进制的形式提供在tools目录下,其编译的目标平台为aarch64。

sudo tools/shyper system daemon [mediated-cfg.json] &

mediated-cfg.json用于配置其他guest VM的virtio中介磁盘(如果是物理平台可以外接磁盘设备,如/dev/sda2、/dev/nvme0n1p2)。示例如下:

{
    "mediated": [
        "~/vm0.img"
    ]
}

Step 3: 通过配置文件来配置一个客户虚拟机

sudo tools/shyper vm config <vm-config.json>

客户虚拟机配置文件的模板如下:

{
    "name": "guest-os-1",
    "type": "VM_T_LINUX",
    "cmdline": "earlycon console=hvc0,115200n8 root=/dev/vda rw audit=0",
    "image": {
        "kernel_filename": "</path/to/kernel/image>",
        "kernel_load_ipa": "0x80080000",
        "kernel_entry_point": "0x80080000",
        "device_tree_filename": "-",
        "device_tree_load_ipa": "0x80000000",
        "ramdisk_filename": "initrd.gz",
        "ramdisk_load_ipa": "0"
    },
    "memory": {
        "region": [
            {
                "ipa_start": "0x80000000",
                "length": "0x40000000"
            }
        ]
    },
    "cpu": {
        "num": 1,
        "allocate_bitmap": "0b0100",
        "master": 2
    },
    "emulated_device": {
        "emulated_device_list": [
            {
                "name": "intc@8000000",
                "base_ipa": "0x8000000",
                "length": "0x1000",
                "irq_id": 0,
                "type": "EMU_DEVICE_T_GICD"
            },
            {
                "name": "virtio_blk@a000000",
                "base_ipa": "0xa000000",
                "length": "0x1000",
                "irq_id": 48,
                "cfg_num": 2,
                "cfg_list": [
                    0,
                    209715200
                ],
                "type": "EMU_DEVICE_T_VIRTIO_BLK_MEDIATED"
            },
            {
                "name": "virtio_net@a001000",
                "base_ipa": "0xa001000",
                "length": "0x1000",
                "irq_id": 49,
                "cfg_num": 6,
                "cfg_list": [
                    "0x74",
                    "0x56",
                    "0xaa",
                    "0x0f",
                    "0x47",
                    "0xd1"
                ],
                "type": "EMU_DEVICE_T_VIRTIO_NET"
            },
            {
                "name": "virtio_console@a002000",
                "base_ipa": "0xa002000",
                "length": "0x1000",
                "irq_id": 50,
                "cfg_num": 2,
                "cfg_list": [
                    "0",
                    "0xa002000"
                ],
                "type": "EMU_DEVICE_T_VIRTIO_CONSOLE"
            }
        ]
    },
    "passthrough_device": {
        "passthrough_device_list": [
            {
                "name": "gicv",
                "base_pa": "0x8040000",
                "base_ipa": "0x8010000",
                "length": "0x2000",
                "irq_num": 1,
                "irq_list": [
                    27
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    "dtb_device": {
        "dtb_device_list": [
            {
                "name": "gicd",
                "type": "DTB_DEVICE_T_GICD",
                "irq_num": 0,
                "irq_list": [],
                "addr_region_ipa": "0x8000000",
                "addr_region_length": "0x1000"
            },
            {
                "name": "gicc",
                "type": "DTB_DEVICE_T_GICC",
                "irq_num": 0,
                "irq_list": [],
                "addr_region_ipa": "0x8010000",
                "addr_region_length": "0x2000"
            }
        ]
    }
}

Step 4: 启动客户虚拟机

sudo tools/shyper vm boot <VMID>

然后就可以和客户虚拟机进行交互了

发表文献

  1. C. Mo, L. Wang, S. Li, K. Hu, B. Jiang. Rust-Shyper: A reliable embedded hypervisor supporting VM migration and hypervisor live-update, Journal of Systems Architecture (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2023.102948.
  2. Li, S., Wang, L., Hu, K., Mo, C., Jiang, B. (2022). VM Migration and Live-Update for Reliable Embedded Hypervisor. In: Dong, W., Talpin, JP. (eds) Dependable Software Engineering. Theories, Tools, and Applications. SETTA 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13649. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21213-0_4
  3. Y. Shen, L. Wang, Y. Liang, S. Li and B. Jiang, "Shyper: An embedded hypervisor applying hierarchical resource isolation strategies for mixed-criticality systems," 2022 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), Antwerp, Belgium, 2022, pp. 1287-1292, doi: 10.23919/DATE54114.2022.9774664.

了解Rust-Shyper参见以下slides 基于Rust的嵌入式虚拟机监视器及热更新技术

我们还有一个可以与Rust-Shyper配合使用的Unikernel,叫做Unishyper

关于我们

Rust-Shyper的开发者来自北京航空航天大学计算机学院操作系统研究团队。如果有什么问题,请您通过电子邮件联系我们。

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简介

Rust-Shyper is an embedded type-1 hypervisor built with Rust, which has both high performance and high reliability. We have proposed low overhead VM migration and hypervisor live-update mechanisms to enable Rust-Shyper to tolerate hardware faults at runtime and dynamically fix hypervisor bugs. 展开 收起
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