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README
Apache-2.0

元能力子系统

简介

元能力子系统实现对Ability的运行及生命周期进行统一的调度和管理,应用进程能够支撑多个Ability,Ability具有跨应用进程间和同一进程内调用的能力。Ability管理服务统一调度和管理应用中各Ability,并对Ability的生命周期变更进行管理。

元能力子系统架构图说明:

  • Ability Kit为Ability的运行提供基础的运行环境支撑。Ability是系统调度应用的最小单元,是能够完成一个独立功能的组件,一个应用可以包含一个或多个Ability。Ability分为FA(Feature Ability)和PA(Particle Ability)两种类,其中FA支持Page Ability,PA支持Service Ability和Data Ability。

  • Ability管理服务(AbilityManagerService):用于协调各Ability运行关系、及对生命周期进行调度的系统服务。

    • 连接管理模块(AbilityConnectManager)是Ability管理服务对Service类型Ability连接管理的模块。
    • 数据管理模块(DataAbilityManager)是Ability管理服务对Data类型Ability管理的模块。
    • App管理服务调度模块(AppScheduler)提供Ability管理服务对用户程序管理服务进行调度管理的能力。
    • Ability调度模块(AbilityScheduler)提供对Ability进行调度管理的能力。
    • 生命周期调度模块(LifecycleDeal)是Ability管理服务对Ability的生命周期事件进行管理调度的模块。

Ability生命周期介绍(Ability Life Cycle)是Ability被调度到INACTIVE、ACTIVE、BACKGROUND等各个状态的统称(主要涉及PageAbility类型和ServiceAbility类型的Ability)。

  • PageAbility类型的Ability生命周期流转如下图所示

PageAbility-Lifecycle

  • ServiceAbility类型的Ability生命周期流转如下图所示

ServiceAbility-Lifecycle

Ability生命周期状态说明:

  • UNINITIALIZED:未初始状态,为临时状态,Ability被创建后会由UNINITIALIZED状态进入INITIAL状态。

  • INITIAL:初始化状态,也表示停止状态,表示当前Ability未运行,Ability被启动后由INITIAL态进入INACTIVE状态。

  • INACTIVE:未激活状态,表示当前窗口已显示但是无焦点状态,由于Window暂未支持焦点的概念,当前状态与ACTIVE一致。

  • ACTIVE:前台激活状态,表示当前窗口已显示,并获取焦点,Ability在退到后台之前先由ACTIVE状态进入INACTIVE状态。

  • BACKGROUND: 后台状态,表示当前Ability退到后台,Ability在被销毁后由BACKGROUND状态进入INITIAL状态,或者重新被激活后由BACKGROUND状态进入ACTIVE状态。

PageAbility类型Ability生命周期回调如下图所示:

PageAbility-Lifecycel-Callbacks

ServiceAbility类型Ability生命周期回调如下图所示:

Service-Ability-Lifecycle-Callbacks

目录

foundation/
└──foundation/aafwk/standard
   ├── frameworks
   │   └── kits
   │       └── ability				# AbilityKit实现的核心代码
   ├── interfaces
   │   └── innerkits
   │       └── want						# Ability之间交互的信息载体的对外接口
   ├── services
   │   ├── abilitymgr					# Ability管理服务框架代码
   │   ├── common							# 日志组件目录
   │   └── test								# 测试目录
   └── tools							    # aa命令代码目录

使用说明

启动Abiltiy

启动新的ability(callback形式)

  • startAbility参数描述
名称 读写属性 类型 必填 描述
parameter 读写 StartAbilityParameter 表示被启动的Ability
callback 只读 AsyncCallback 被指定的回调方法
  • StartAbilityParameter类型说明
名称 读写属性 类型 必填 描述
want 读写 want 表示需要包含有关目标启动能力的信息
abilityStartSetting 只读 string 指示启动能力中使用的特殊启动设置
  • want类型说明
名称 读写属性 类型 必填 描述
deviceId 读写 string 设备id
bundleName 读写 string Bundle名
abilityName 读写 string Ability 名
uri 读写 string 请求中URI的描述
type 读写 string Want中类型的说明
flags 读写 number Want中标志的选项,必填
action 读写 string Want中对操作的描述
parameters 读写 {[key: string]: any} Want中WantParams对象的描述
entities 读写 string 对象中实体的描述
  • 返回值

    void

  • 示例

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
function addSlotsCallBack(err) {
	console.info("==========================>startAbility=======================>");
}
featureAbility.startAbility(
        {
        want:
        {
            action: "",
            entities: [""],
            type: "",
            options: {
                // indicates the grant to perform read operations on the URI
                authReadUriPermission: true,
                // indicates the grant to perform write operations on the URI
                authWriteUriPermission: true,
                // support forward want result to origin ability
                abilityForwardResult: true,
                // used for marking the ability start-up is triggered by continuation
                abilityContinuation: true,
                // specifies whether a component does not belong to ohos
                notOhosComponent: true,
                // specifies whether an ability is started
                abilityFormEnabled: true,
                // indicates the grant for possible persisting on the URI.
                authPersistableUriPermission: true,
                // indicates the grant for possible persisting on the URI.
                authPrefixUriPermission: true,
                // support distributed scheduling system start up multiple devices
                abilitySliceMultiDevice: true,
                // indicates that an ability using the service template is started regardless of whether the
                // host application has been started.
                startForegroundAbility: true,
                // install the specified ability if it's not installed.
                installOnDemand: true,
                // return result to origin ability slice
                abilitySliceForwardResult: true,
                // install the specified ability with background mode if it's not installed.
                installWithBackgroundMode: true
            },
            deviceId: "",
            bundleName: "com.example.startability",
            abilityName: "com.example.startability.MainAbility",
            uri: ""
        },
    },
  );
)

启动新的ability(Promise形式)

  • startAbility参数描述
名称 读写属性 类型 必填 描述
parameter 读写 StartAbilityParameter 表示被启动的Ability
  • StartAbilityParameter类型说明
名称 读写属性 类型 必填 描述
want 读写 want 表示需要包含有关目标启动能力的信息
abilityStartSetting 只读 string 指示启动能力中使用的特殊启动设置
  • want类型说明
名称 读写属性 类型 必填 描述
deviceId 读写 string 设备id
bundleName 读写 string Bundle名
abilityName 读写 string Ability 名字
uri 读写 string 请求中URI的描述
type 读写 string Want中类型的说明
flags 读写 number Want中标志的选项,必填
action 读写 string Want中对操作的描述
parameters 读写 {[key: string]: any} Want中WantParams对象的描述
entities 读写 string 对象中实体的描述
  • 返回值

    void

  • 示例

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility'
featureAbility.startAbility(
    {
        want:
        {
            action: "action.system.home",
            entities: ["entity.system.home"],
            type: "MIMETYPE",
            options: {
                // indicates the grant to perform read operations on the URI
                authReadUriPermission: true,
                // indicates the grant to perform write operations on the URI
                authWriteUriPermission: true,
                // support forward want result to origin ability
                abilityForwardResult: true,
                // used for marking the ability start-up is triggered by continuation
                abilityContinuation: true,
                // specifies whether a component does not belong to ohos
                notOhosComponent: true,
                // specifies whether an ability is started
                abilityFormEnabled: true,
                // indicates the grant for possible persisting on the URI.
                authPersistableUriPermission: true,
                // indicates the grant for possible persisting on the URI.
                authPrefixUriPermission: true,
                // support distributed scheduling system start up multiple devices
                abilitySliceMultiDevice: true,
                // indicates that an ability using the service template is started regardless of whether the
                // host application has been started.
                startForegroundAbility: true,
                // install the specified ability if it's not installed.
                installOnDemand: true,
                // return result to origin ability slice
                abilitySliceForwardResult: true,
                // install the specified ability with background mode if it's not installed.
                installWithBackgroundMode: true
            },
            deviceId: "",
            bundleName: "com.example.startability",
            abilityName: "com.example.startability.MainAbility",
            uri: ""
        },
    }
   ).then((void) => {
	console.info("==========================>startAbility=======================>");
});

停止Ability

设置page ability返回给被调用方的结果代码和数据,并销毁此page ability(callback形式)

  • 参数描述
名称 读写属性 类型 必填 描述
callback 只读 AsyncCallback<void> 被指定的回调方法
  • 返回值

    void

  • 示例

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureability';
function terminateSelfCallBack(err) {
	console.info("==========================>terminateSelfCallBack=======================>");
}
featureAbility.terminateSelf()

设置page ability返回给被调用方的结果代码和数据,并销毁此page ability(Promise形式)

  • 参数描述

    Null

  • 返回值

  • void

  • 示例

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureability';
featureAbility.terminateSelf().then((void) => {		    console.info("==========================>terminateSelfCallBack=======================>");
});

aa命令

aa help

命令 描述
aa help 显示aa命令帮助信息

aa start

命令 描述
aa start [-d ] -a -b [-D] 启动ability,设备ID 可空
示例:
aa start -d 12345 -a com.ohos.app.MainAbility -b com.ohos.app -D

aa dump

命令 描述
aa dump -a 打印栈中的Ability信息

aa force-stop

命令 描述
aa force-stop 强制停止application
示例:
aa force-stop com.ohos.app

相关仓

元能力子系统

appexecfwk_standard

aafwk_standard

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简介

Ability management framework | 元能力框架 展开 收起
C++ 等 4 种语言
Apache-2.0
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