fmt::to_wstring()
in addition to fmt::to_string()
(#559).
Thanks @alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev).std::string_view
(#571 and
#578).
Thanks @thelostt (Mário Feroldi) and
@mwinterb.fmt::format_arg()
(#547).
Thanks @rollbear (Björn Fahller).std::allocator_traits
(#583).
Thanks @mwinterb.const
variadic member function emulation with
FMT_VARIADIC_CONST
(#591).
Thanks @ludekvodicka (Ludek Vodicka).override
and
[[noreturn]]
(#549 and
#555).
Thanks @alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev),
@virgiliofornazin (Virgilio Alexandre Fornazin),
@alexanderbock (Alexander Bock),
@yumetodo,
@VaderY (Császár Mátyás),
@jpcima (JP Cimalando),
@thelostt (Mário Feroldi), and
@Manu343726 (Manu Sánchez).Removed old compatibility headers cppformat/*.h
and CMake options
(#527).
Thanks @maddinat0r (Alex Martin).
Added string.h
containing fmt::to_string()
as alternative to
std::to_string()
as well as other string writer functionality
(#326 and
#441):
#include "fmt/string.h"
std::string answer = fmt::to_string(42);
Thanks to @glebov-andrey (Andrey Glebov).
Moved fmt::printf()
to new printf.h
header and allowed %s
as
generic specifier (#453),
made %.f
more conformant to regular printf()
(#490), added custom writer
support (#476) and implemented
missing custom argument formatting
(#339 and
#340):
#include "fmt/printf.h"
// %s format specifier can be used with any argument type.
fmt::printf("%s", 42);
Thanks @mojoBrendan, @manylegged (Arthur Danskin) and @spacemoose (Glen Stark). See also #360, #335 and #331.
Added container.h
containing a BasicContainerWriter
to write to containers like std::vector
(#450).
Thanks @polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre).
Added fmt::join()
function that takes a range and formats
its elements separated by a given string
(#466):
#include "fmt/format.h"
std::vector<double> v = {1.2, 3.4, 5.6};
// Prints "(+01.20, +03.40, +05.60)".
fmt::print("({:+06.2f})", fmt::join(v.begin(), v.end(), ", "));
Thanks @olivier80.
Added support for custom formatting specifications to simplify customization of built-in formatting (#444). Thanks @polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre). See also #439.
Added fmt::format_system_error()
for error code formatting
(#323 and
#526).
Thanks @maddinat0r (Alex Martin).
Added thread-safe fmt::localtime()
and fmt::gmtime()
as replacement for the standard version to time.h
(#396).
Thanks @codicodi.
Internal improvements to NamedArg
and ArgLists
(#389 and
#390).
Thanks @chronoxor.
Fixed crash due to bug in FormatBuf
(#493).
Thanks @effzeh. See also
#480 and
#491.
Fixed handling of wide strings in fmt::StringWriter
.
Improved compiler error messages (#357).
Fixed various warnings and issues with various compilers (#494, #499, #483, #519, #485, #482, #475, #473 and #414). Thanks @chronoxor, @zhaohuaxishi, @pkestene (Pierre Kestener), @dschmidt (Dominik Schmidt) and @0x414c (Alexey Gorishny) .
Improved CMake: targets are now namespaced
(#511 and
#513), supported header-only
printf.h
(#354), fixed issue
with minimal supported library subset
(#418,
#419 and
#420).
Thanks @bjoernthiel (Bjoern Thiel),
@niosHD (Mario Werner),
@LogicalKnight (Sean LK) and
@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev).
Improved documentation. Thanks to @pwm1234 (Phil) for #393.
FMT_VERSION
macro
(#411).FMT_NULL
instead of literal 0
(#409).
Thanks @alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev).format_float
(#413).windows.h
if not in header-only mode
(#503).
Thanks @Quentin01 (Quentin Buathier).unsigned char
strings
(#373).The project has been renamed from C++ Format (cppformat) to fmt for
consistency with the used namespace and macro prefix
(#307).
Library headers are now located in the fmt
directory:
#include "fmt/format.h"
Including format.h
from the cppformat
directory is deprecated
but works via a proxy header which will be removed in the next major version.
The documentation is now available at http://fmtlib.net.
Added support for strftime-like date and time formatting (#283):
#include "fmt/time.h"
std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
// Prints "The date is 2016-04-29." (with the current date)
fmt::print("The date is {:%Y-%m-%d}.", *std::localtime(&t));
std::ostream
support including formatting of user-defined types that provide
overloaded operator<<
has been moved to fmt/ostream.h
:
#include "fmt/ostream.h"
class Date {
int year_, month_, day_;
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day) : year_(year), month_(month), day_(day) {}
friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Date &d) {
return os << d.year_ << '-' << d.month_ << '-' << d.day_;
}
};
std::string s = fmt::format("The date is {}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
// s == "The date is 2012-12-9"
Added support for custom argument formatters (#235).
Added support for locale-specific integer formatting with the n
specifier
(#305):
std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
fmt::print("cppformat: {:n}\n", 1234567); // prints 1,234,567
Sign is now preserved when formatting an integer with an incorrect printf
format specifier (#265):
fmt::printf("%lld", -42); // prints -42
Note that it would be an undefined behavior in std::printf
.
Length modifiers such as ll
are now optional in printf formatting
functions and the correct type is determined automatically
(#255):
fmt::printf("%d", std::numeric_limits<long long>::max());
Note that it would be an undefined behavior in std::printf
.
Added initial support for custom formatters (#231).
Fixed detection of user-defined literal support on Intel C++ compiler (#311, #312). Thanks to @dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) and @speth (Ray Speth).
Reduced compile time (#243, #249, #317):
Thanks to @dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan).
Compile test fixes (#313). Thanks to @dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan).
Documentation fixes (#239, #248, #252, #258, #260, #301, #309). Thanks to @ReadmeCritic @Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) and @jwilk (Jakub Wilk).
Fixed compiler and sanitizer warnings (#244, #256, #259, #263, #274, #277, #286, #291, #296, #308) Thanks to @mwinterb, @pweiskircher (Patrik Weiskircher), @Naios.
Improved compatibility with Windows Store apps (#280, #285) Thanks to @mwinterb.
Added tests of compatibility with older C++ standards (#273). Thanks to @niosHD.
Changed ArgMap
to be backed by a vector instead of a map.
(#261,
#262).
Thanks to @mwinterb.
Added fprintf
overload that writes to a std::ostream
(#251).
Thanks to nickhutchinson (Nicholas Hutchinson).
Export symbols when building a Windows DLL (#245). Thanks to macdems (Maciek Dems).
Fixed compilation on Cygwin (#304).
Implemented a workaround for a bug in Apple LLVM version 4.2 of clang (#276).
Implemented a workaround for Google Test bug #705 on gcc 6 (#268). Thanks to octoploid.
Removed Biicode support because the latter has been discontinued.
FMT_CMAKE_DIR
CMake variable
(#299).
Thanks to @niosHD.Project layout and build system improvements (#267):
cppformat
directory.
Including format.h
from the top-level directory is deprecated
but works via a proxy header which will be removed in the next
major version.doc
, install
, and test
are now disabled if C++ Format
is included as a CMake subproject. They can be enabled by setting
FMT_DOC
, FMT_INSTALL
, and FMT_TEST
in the parent project.Thanks to @niosHD.
[Breaking] Named arguments (#169, #173, #174):
fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", fmt::arg("answer", 42));
Thanks to @jamboree.
[Experimental] User-defined literals for format and named arguments (#204, #206, #207):
using namespace fmt::literals;
fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", "answer"_a=42);
Thanks to @dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan).
[Breaking] Formatting of more than 16 arguments is now supported when using variadic templates (#141). Thanks to @Shauren.
Runtime width specification (#168):
fmt::format("{0:{1}}", 42, 5); // gives " 42"
Thanks to @jamboree.
[Breaking] Enums are now formatted with an overloaded std::ostream
insertion
operator (operator<<
) if available
(#232).
[Breaking] Changed default bool
format to textual, "true" or "false"
(#170):
fmt::print("{}", true); // prints "true"
To print bool
as a number use numeric format specifier such as d
:
fmt::print("{:d}", true); // prints "1"
fmt::printf
and fmt::sprintf
now support formatting of bool
with the
%s
specifier giving textual output, "true" or "false"
(#223):
fmt::printf("%s", true); // prints "true"
Thanks to @LarsGullik.
[Breaking] signed char
and unsigned char
are now formatted as integers by default
(#217).
[Breaking] Pointers to C strings can now be formatted with the p
specifier
(#223):
fmt::print("{:p}", "test"); // prints pointer value
Thanks to @LarsGullik.
[Breaking] fmt::printf
and fmt::sprintf
now print null pointers as (nil)
and null strings as (null)
for consistency with glibc
(#226).
Thanks to @LarsGullik.
[Breaking] fmt::(s)printf
now supports formatting of objects of user-defined types
that provide an overloaded std::ostream
insertion operator (operator<<
)
(#201):
fmt::printf("The date is %s", Date(2012, 12, 9));
[Breaking] The Buffer
template is now part of the public API and can be used
to implement custom memory buffers
(#140).
Thanks to @polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre).
[Breaking] Improved compatibility between BasicStringRef
and
std::experimental::basic_string_view
(#100,
#159,
#183):
BasicStringRef::c_str
replaced by BasicStringRef::data
BasicStringRef
is no longer assumed to be null-terminatedReferences to null-terminated strings are now represented by a new class,
BasicCStringRef
.
Dependency on pthreads introduced by Google Test is now optional (#185).
New CMake options FMT_DOC
, FMT_INSTALL
and FMT_TEST
to control
generation of doc
, install
and test
targets respectively, on by default
(#197,
#198,
#200).
Thanks to @maddinat0r (Alex Martin).
noexcept
is now used when compiling with MSVC2015
(#215).
Thanks to @dmkrepo (Dmitriy).
Added an option to disable use of windows.h
when FMT_USE_WINDOWS_H
is defined as 0 before including format.h
(#171).
Thanks to @alfps (Alf P. Steinbach).
[Breaking] windows.h
is now included with NOMINMAX
unless
FMT_WIN_MINMAX
is defined. This is done to prevent breaking code using
std::min
and std::max
and only affects the header-only configuration
(#152,
#153,
#154).
Thanks to @DevO2012.
Improved support for custom character types (#171). Thanks to @alfps (Alf P. Steinbach).
Added an option to disable use of IOStreams when FMT_USE_IOSTREAMS
is defined as 0 before including format.h
(#205,
#208).
Thanks to @JodiTheTigger.
Improved detection of isnan
, isinf
and signbit
.
fmt::Writer
on integer formatting
and fixed a minor regression. Now it is ~7% faster than karma::generate
on Karma's benchmark
(#186).[Breaking] Headers are now installed in
${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include/cppformat
(#178).
Thanks to @jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin).
[Breaking] Changed the library name from format
to cppformat
for consistency with the project name and to avoid potential conflicts
(#178).
Thanks to @jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin).
C++ Format is now available in Debian GNU/Linux (stretch, sid) and derived distributions such as Ubuntu 15.10 and later (#155):
$ sudo apt-get install libcppformat1-dev
Thanks to @jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin).
Packages for Fedora and RHEL are now available. Thanks to Dave Johansen.
C++ Format can now be installed via Homebrew on OS X (#157):
$ brew install cppformat
Thanks to @ortho, Anatoliy Bulukin.
Fixed initializer_list
detection
(#136).
Thanks to @Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik).
[Breaking] Fixed formatting of enums with numeric format specifiers in
fmt::(s)printf
(#131,
#139):
enum { ANSWER = 42 };
fmt::printf("%d", ANSWER);
Thanks to @Naios.
Improved compatibility with old versions of MinGW (#129, #130, #132). Thanks to @cstamford (Christopher Stamford).
Fixed a compile error on MSVC with disabled exceptions (#144).
Added a workaround for broken implementation of variadic templates in MSVC2012 (#148).
Placed the anonymous namespace within fmt
namespace for the header-only
configuration
(#171).
Thanks to @alfps (Alf P. Steinbach).
Implemented a workaround for a name lookup bug in MSVC2010 (#188).
Fixed compiler warnings (#95, #96, #114, #135, #142, #145, #146, #158, #163, #175, #190, #191, #194, #196, #216, #218, #220, #229, #233, #234, #236, #281, #289). Thanks to @seanmiddleditch (Sean Middleditch), @dixlorenz (Dix Lorenz), @CarterLi (李通洲), @Naios, @fmatthew5876 (Matthew Fioravante), @LevskiWeng (Levski Weng), @rpopescu, @gabime (Gabi Melman), @cubicool (Jeremy Moles), @jkflying (Julian Kent), @LogicalKnight (Sean L), @inguin (Ingo van Lil) and @Jopie64 (Johan).
Fixed portability issues (mostly causing test failures) on ARM, ppc64, ppc64le, s390x and SunOS 5.11 i386 ( #138, #179, #180, #202, #225, Red Hat Bugzilla Bug 1260297). Thanks to @Naios, @jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) and Dave Johansen.
Fixed a name conflict with macro free
defined in
crtdbg.h
when _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
is set
(#211).
Fixed shared library build on OS X (#212). Thanks to @dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan).
Fixed an overload conflict on MSVC when /Zc:wchar_t-
option is specified
(#214).
Thanks to @slavanap (Vyacheslav Napadovsky).
Improved compatibility with MSVC 2008 (#236). Thanks to @Jopie64 (Johan).
Improved compatibility with bcc32 (#227).
Fixed static_assert
detection on Clang
(#228).
Thanks to @dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan).
Added BasicArrayWriter
, a class template that provides operations for
formatting and writing data into a fixed-size array
(#105 and
#122):
char buffer[100];
fmt::ArrayWriter w(buffer);
w.write("The answer is {}", 42);
Added 0 A.D. and PenUltima Online (POL) to the list of notable projects using C++ Format.
C++ Format now uses MSVC intrinsics for better formatting performance (#115, #116, #118 and #121). Previously these optimizations where only used on GCC and Clang. Thanks to @CarterLi and @objectx.
CMake install target (#119). Thanks to @TrentHouliston.
You can now install C++ Format with make install
command.
Improved Biicode support (#98 and #104). Thanks to @MariadeAnton and @franramirez688.
Improved support for building with Android NDK (#107). Thanks to @newnon.
The android-ndk-example repository provides and example of using C++ Format with Android NDK:
Improved documentation of SystemError
and WindowsError
(#54).
Various code improvements (#110, #111 #112). Thanks to @CarterLi.
Improved compile-time errors when formatting wide into narrow strings (#117).
Fixed BasicWriter::write
without formatting arguments when C++11 support
is disabled (#109).
Fixed header-only build on OS X with GCC 4.9 (#124).
Fixed packaging issues (#94).
Add support for a header-only configuration when FMT_HEADER_ONLY
is
defined before including format.h
:
#define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
#include "format.h"
Compute string length in the constructor of BasicStringRef
instead of the size
method
(#79).
This eliminates size computation for string literals on reasonable optimizing
compilers.
Fix formatting of types with overloaded operator <<
for std::wostream
(#86):
fmt::format(L"The date is {0}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
Fix linkage of tests on Arch Linux (#89).
Allow precision specifier for non-float arguments (#90):
fmt::print("{:.3}\n", "Carpet"); // prints "Car"
Fix build on Android NDK (#93)
Improvements to documentation build procedure.
Remove FMT_SHARED
CMake variable in favor of standard BUILD_SHARED_LIBS.
Fix error handling in fmt::fprintf
.
Fix a number of warnings.
[Breaking] Improved separation between formatting and buffer management.
Writer
is now a base class that cannot be instantiated directly.
The new MemoryWriter
class implements the default buffer management
with small allocations done on stack. So fmt::Writer
should be replaced
with fmt::MemoryWriter
in variable declarations.
Old code:
fmt::Writer w;
New code:
fmt::MemoryWriter w;
If you pass fmt::Writer
by reference, you can continue to do so:
void f(fmt::Writer &w);
This doesn't affect the formatting API.
Support for custom memory allocators (#69)
Formatting functions now accept signed char and unsigned char strings as arguments (#73):
auto s = format("GLSL version: {}", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
Reduced code bloat. According to the new benchmark results,
cppformat is close to printf
and by the order of magnitude better than
Boost Format in terms of compiled code size.
Improved appearance of the documentation on mobile by using the Sphinx Bootstrap theme:
Old |
New |
|
|
Safe printf implementation with a POSIX extension for positional arguments:
fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
fmt::printf("%1$s, %3$d %2$s", weekday, month, day);
Arguments of char
type can now be formatted as integers
(Issue #55):
fmt::format("0x{0:02X}", 'a');
Deprecated parts of the API removed.
The library is now built and tested on MinGW with Appveyor in addition to existing test platforms Linux/GCC, OS X/Clang, Windows/MSVC.
Improved API
All formatting methods are now implemented as variadic functions instead
of using operator<<
for feeding arbitrary arguments into a temporary
formatter object. This works both with C++11 where variadic templates are
used and with older standards where variadic functions are emulated by
providing lightweight wrapper functions defined with the FMT_VARIADIC
macro. You can use this macro for defining your own portable variadic
functions:
void report_error(const char *format, const fmt::ArgList &args) {
fmt::print("Error: {}");
fmt::print(format, args);
}
FMT_VARIADIC(void, report_error, const char *)
report_error("file not found: {}", path);
Apart from a more natural syntax, this also improves performance as there is no need to construct temporary formatter objects and control arguments' lifetimes. Because the wrapper functions are very lightweight, this doesn't cause code bloat even in pre-C++11 mode.
Simplified common case of formatting an std::string
. Now it requires a
single function call:
std::string s = format("The answer is {}.", 42);
Previously it required 2 function calls:
std::string s = str(Format("The answer is {}.") << 42);
Instead of unsafe c_str
function, fmt::Writer
should be used directly
to bypass creation of std::string
:
fmt::Writer w;
w.write("The answer is {}.", 42);
w.c_str(); // returns a C string
This doesn't do dynamic memory allocation for small strings and is less error
prone as the lifetime of the string is the same as for std::string::c_str
which is well understood (hopefully).
Improved consistency in naming functions that are a part of the public API. Now all public functions are lowercase following the standard library conventions. Previously it was a combination of lowercase and CapitalizedWords. Issue #50.
Old functions are marked as deprecated and will be removed in the next release.
Other Changes
Experimental support for printf format specifications (work in progress):
fmt::printf("The answer is %d.", 42);
std::string s = fmt::sprintf("Look, a %s!", "string");
Support for hexadecimal floating point format specifiers a
and A
:
print("{:a}", -42.0); // Prints -0x1.5p+5
print("{:A}", -42.0); // Prints -0X1.5P+5
CMake option FMT_SHARED
that specifies whether to build format as a
shared library (off by default).
More efficient implementation of variadic formatting functions.
Writer::Format
now has a variadic overload:
Writer out;
out.Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic");
For efficiency and consistency with other overloads, variadic overload of
the Format
function now returns Writer
instead of std::string
.
Use the str
function to convert it to std::string
:
std::string s = str(Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic"));
Replaced formatter actions with output sinks: NoAction
-> NullSink
,
Write
-> FileSink
, ColorWriter
-> ANSITerminalSink
.
This improves naming consistency and shouldn't affect client code unless
these classes are used directly which should be rarely needed.
Added ThrowSystemError
function that formats a message and throws
SystemError
containing the formatted message and system-specific error
description. For example, the following code
FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
if (!f)
ThrowSystemError(errno, "Failed to open file '{}'") << filename;
will throw SystemError
exception with description
"Failed to open file '<filename>': No such file or directory" if file
doesn't exist.
Support for AppVeyor continuous integration platform.
Format
now throws SystemError
in case of I/O errors.
Improve test infrastructure. Print functions are now tested by redirecting the output to a pipe.
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