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<a class="post-title-link" href="/blog/2019/09/17/docker的坑/" itemprop="url">docker开发时踩过的坑</a></h1>
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2019-09-17
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<p>本文记录在使用docker做开发时踩过的一些坑，包括docker本身的和在docker中使用其他工具的坑。</p>
<ol>
<li>镜像层数存在限制<pre><code>暂时使用`docker export | import`重新制作新的镜像来解决
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>CMD和ENTRYPOINT区别</p>
<pre><code>报错：docker run -ti ethereum/client-go /bin/sh
正确：docker run -ti --entrypoint=/bin/sh ethereum/client-go
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>pull不到最新的镜像 (超级坑，似乎是镜像层数到了一定数量，就会这样)</p>
<ul>
<li>digest值不一样是肯定的</li>
<li>docker export | import 就解决了</li>
<li>原因还未知，不能复现</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>CMD指令报错</p>
<pre><code>Dockerfile如下：
FROM busybox
CMD ["/bin/ls /"]
运行时报如下错误
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:345: starting container process caused "exec: \"/bin/ls /\": stat /bin/ls /: no such file or directory": unknown.
原因是CMD使用错误，CMD应该为数组`CMD ["/bin/ls","/"]`
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>/etc/hosts文件不能覆盖，在dockerfile中无法写入</p>
<pre><code>Dockerfile如下，无法修改/etc/hosts文件
FROM busybox
RUN echo > /etc/hosts
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>内网docker registry login报503错误</p>
<pre><code>原因未知，隔一段时间后再次登陆成功。可能是服务问题
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>脚本在拉取私有仓库时，pull镜像提示找不到</p>
<pre><code>[root@x ~]# docker pull internal.docker.registry/xxx/yyy:latest
Pulling repository internal.docker.registry/xxx/yyy
Error: image xxx/yyy:latest not found
原因：
未登录，坑爹的是私服响应中没有任何提示未登录
解决：
在脚本中每一次pull前docker login
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>cache</p>
<pre><code>Dockerfile如下
FROM xxx
pip install --upgrade y
...
CMD ["xxx.sh"]
因为缓存的原因，y依赖包并没有升级
解决办法：将镜像制作分为两部分，不需要缓存的build时添加--no-cache参数。参考1
一行cache改变，接下来的指令都不会缓存
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>pipenv无法安装私有仓库的库</p>
<pre><code>私有仓库因为没有证书，所以没有走https。pip安装的时候可以使用trust-host来使用http协议安装软件，但是pipenv命令行中没有找到类似trust-host的参数。
这个问题属于pipenv的使用问题，只是因为在Dockerfile中用到了pipenv，也就记在这里了。
解决办法：在配置中使用verify_ssl参数，示例配置如下
[[source]]
url = "https://pypi.python.org/simple"
verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"
[[source]]
url = "http://pypi.home.kennethreitz.org/simple"
verify_ssl = false
name = "home"
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>容器运行一段时间后根目录只读</p>
<pre><code>现象：
https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/18010
应用层奇怪的bug和这个有关，比如代理无法正常工作，是因为没有空间创建证书了。
原因：
内核重新挂载文件系统 grep -B10 "read-only" /var/log/messages.
重新挂载的原因好像是磁盘不够了
解决办法：
删除磁盘中的多余文件，腾出空间
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>docker中python程序日志没有实时输出</p>
<pre><code>现象：
docker log没有看到python打印的日志，过了一段时间后才能看到
原因：
存在输出缓冲区
解决方法：
* python -u <script> 禁止python的缓冲区
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
<h1 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h1><ol>
<li><a href="!https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55619593/bust-cache-bust-within-dockerfile-without-providing-external-build-args">Bust cache bust within Dockerfile without providing external build args</a></li>
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