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README
Apache-2.0

NAPI组件

简介

NAPI(Native API)组件是一套对外接口基于Node.js N-API规范开发的原生模块扩展开发框架。

图 1 NAPI组件架构图

  • NativeEngine

    JS引擎抽象层,统一JS引擎在NAPI层的接口行为。

  • ModuleManager

    管理模块,用于模块加载、模块信息缓存。

  • ScopeManager

    管理NativeValue的生命周期。

  • ReferenceManager

    管理NativeReference的生命周期。

目录

NAPI组件源代码在/foundation/arkui/napi下,目录结构如下图所示:

foundation/arkui/napi
   ├── interfaces
   │   └── kits
   │       └── napi           # NAPI头文件目录
   ├── module_manager         # 模块管理
   ├── native_engine          # NativeEngine抽象层
   │   └── impl
   │       └── ark            # 基于Ark的NativeEngine实现
   ├── scope_manager          # 作用域管理
   └── test                   # 测试目录

使用场景

NAPI适合封装IO、CPU密集型、OS底层等能力并对外暴露JS接口,通过NAPI可以实现JS与C/C++代码互相访问。我们可以通过NAPI接口构建例如网络通信、串口访问、多媒体解码、传感器数据收集等模块。

接口说明

接口实现详见:foundation/arkui/napi

表 1 NAPI接口说明

接口分类

描述

模块注册

向模块管理注册模块信息的接口。

异常&错误处理

向JS抛出异常。

对象生命周期管理

作用域管理,用于限定某个作用域范围内的NAPI对象的生命周期。

创建JS对象

创建标准的对象类型。

C类型转NAPI类型

C到NAPI的类型转换。

NAPI类型转C类型

NAPI到C的类型转换。

获取全局实例的函数

获取全局实例。

JS值的操作

===、typeof、instanceof等操作符的NAPI接口。

JS对象的属性操作

操作对象属性函数集。

JS函数的操作

方法调用、实例创建。

对象封装

绑定JS对象的外部上下文关系。

简单异步

创建异步任务。

promise

创建promise对象的函数集。

脚本运行

运行JS代码。

开发步骤

下面以开发一个获取应用包名的JS接口为例介绍如何使用NAPI。

我们要实现的JS接口原型是:

function getAppName(): string;

以下是实现源码:

// app.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "napi/native_api.h"
#include "napi/native_node_api.h"

struct AsyncCallbackInfo {
    napi_env env;
    napi_async_work asyncWork;
    napi_deferred deferred;
};

// getAppName对应的C/C++实现函数
napi_value JSGetAppName(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
    napi_deferred deferred;
    napi_value promise;
    // 创建promise
    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_create_promise(env, &deferred, &promise));

    AsyncCallbackInfo* asyncCallbackInfo = new AsyncCallbackInfo {
        .env = env,
        .asyncWork = nullptr,
        .deferred = deferred,
    };

    napi_value resourceName;
    napi_create_string_latin1(env, "GetAppName", NAPI_AUTO_LENGTH, &resourceName);
    // 创建异步任务队列
    napi_create_async_work(
        env, nullptr, resourceName,
        // 异步任务的回调
        [](napi_env env, void* data) {},
        // 异步任务结束后的回调
        [](napi_env env, napi_status status, void* data) {
            AsyncCallbackInfo* asyncCallbackInfo = (AsyncCallbackInfo*)data;
            napi_value appName;
            const char* str = "com.example.helloworld";
            napi_create_string_utf8(env, str, strlen(str), &appName);
            // 触发回调
            napi_resolve_deferred(asyncCallbackInfo->env, asyncCallbackInfo->deferred, appName);
            napi_delete_async_work(env, asyncCallbackInfo->asyncWork);
            delete asyncCallbackInfo;
        },
        (void*)asyncCallbackInfo, &asyncCallbackInfo->asyncWork);
    napi_queue_async_work(env, asyncCallbackInfo->asyncWork);
    return promise;
}

// 模块导出入口函数
static napi_value AppExport(napi_env env, napi_value exports)
{
    static napi_property_descriptor desc[] = {
        DECLARE_NAPI_FUNCTION("getAppName", JSGetAppName),
    };
    NAPI_CALL(env, napi_define_properties(env, exports, sizeof(desc) / sizeof(desc[0]), desc));
    return exports;
}

// app模块描述
static napi_module appModule = {
    .nm_version = 1,
    .nm_flags = 0,
    .nm_filename = nullptr,
    .nm_register_func = AppExport,
    .nm_modname = "app",
    .nm_priv = ((void*)0),
    .reserved = {0}
};

// 注册模块
extern "C" __attribute__((constructor)) void AppRegister()
{
    napi_module_register(&appModule);
}

对应编译脚本的实现:

// BUILD.gn
import("//build/ohos.gni")
ohos_shared_library("app") {
  # 指定编译源文件
  sources = [
    "app.cpp",
  ]
  # 指定编译依赖
  deps = [ "//foundation/arkui/napi:ace_napi" ]
  # 指定库生成的路径
  relative_install_dir = "module"
  subsystem_name = "arkui"
  part_name = "napi"
}

应用中的JS测试代码:

import app from '@ohos.app'
export default {
  testGetAppName() {
    app.getAppName().then(function (data) {
      console.info('app name: ' + data);
    });
  }
}

相关仓

ArkUI框架子系统

arkui_ace_engine

arkui_ace_engine_lite

arkui_napi

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简介

Development framework for extending the JS Native Module | 原生模块扩展开发框架 展开 收起
C++ 等 3 种语言
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