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README
GPL-2.0

Armbian for Amlogic TV Boxes / 晶晨·岸边

查看英文说明 | View English description

Armbian(中文名:岸边) 系统是基于 Debian/Ubuntu 而构建的专门用于 ARM 芯片的轻量级 Linux 系统。Armbian 系统精益、干净,并且 100% 兼容并继承了 Debian/Ubuntu 系统的功能和丰富的软件生态,可以安全稳定地运行在 TF/SD/USB 及设备的 eMMC 里。

现在你可以将使用 Amlogic 芯片的电视盒子的安卓 TV 系统更换为 Armbian 系统,让他成为一台功能强大的服务器。本项目为 Amlogic s9xxx 电视盒子构建 Armbian 系统。支持写入 EMMC 中使用,支持更新内核等功能。支持的 Amlogic S9xxx 系列型号有 a311d, s922x, s905x3, s905x2, s905l3a, s912, s905d, s905x, s905w, s905 等,例如 Belink GT-King, Belink GT-King Pro, UGOOS AM6 Plus, X96-Max+, HK1-Box, H96-Max-X3, Phicomm-N1, Octopus-Planet, Fiberhome HG680P, ZTE B860H 等盒子。使用方法详见Armbian 使用文档

最新的 Armbian 固件可以在 Releases 中下载。欢迎 Fork 并进行个性化定制。如果对你有用,可以点仓库右上角的 Star 表示支持。

Armbian 固件说明

芯片 设备 可选内核 Armbian 固件
a311d Khadas-VIM3 全部 armbian_aml_a311d_*.img
s922x Beelink-GT-King, Beelink-GT-King-Pro, Ugoos-AM6-Plus, ODROID-N2 全部 armbian_aml_s922x_*.img
s905x3 X96-Max+, HK1-Box, H96-Max-X3, Ugoos-X3, TX3, X96-Air, A95XF3-Air 全部 armbian_aml_s905x3_*.img
s905x2 X96Max-4G, X96Max-2G, MECOOL-KM3-4G 全部 armbian_aml_s905x2_*.img
s912 TX9-Pro, H96-Pro-Plus, Tanix-TX92, VORKE-Z6-Plus, Mecool-M8S-PRO-L, T95Z-Plus, Nexbox-A1, A95X, Octopus-Planet 全部 armbian_aml_s912_*.img
s905d MECOOL-KI-Pro, Phicomm-N1 全部 armbian_aml_s905d_*.img
s905x HG680P, B860H, TBee-Box, T95 全部 armbian_aml_s905x_*.img
s905w X96-Mini, TX3-Mini 5.15.y armbian_aml_s905w_*.img
s905 Beelink-Mini-MX-2G, MXQ-Pro+4K 全部 armbian_aml_s905_*.img
s905l3a E900V22C/D 全部 armbian_aml_s905l3a_*.img

💡提示:当前 s905w 系列的盒子只支持使用 5.15.y 内核,其他型号的盒子可任选内核版本使用。当前 s905 的盒子只能在 TF/SD/USB 中使用,其他型号的盒子同时支持写入 EMMC 中使用。每个盒子的 dtb 和 u-boot 请查阅说明

安装及升级 Armbian 的相关说明

选择和你的盒子型号对应的 Armbian 固件,使用 Rufus 或者 balenaEtcher 等工具将固件写入 USB 里,然后把写好固件的 USB 插入盒子。

  • 安装 Armbian 到 EMMC

登录 Armbian 系统 (默认用户: root, 默认密码: 1234) → 输入命令:

armbian-install

默认将安装主线 u-boot,以便支持 5.10 及以上内核的使用。如果选择不安装,请在第 1 个输入参数中指定,如 armbian-install no

  • 更新 Armbian 内核

登录 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

# 使用 root 用户运行 (sudo -i)
# 如果不指定其他参数,以下更新命令将更新到当前同系列内核的最新版本。
armbian-update

如果当前目录下有成套的内核文件,将使用当前目录的内核进行更新(更新需要的 4 个内核文件是 header-xxx.tar.gz, boot-xxx.tar.gz, dtb-amlogic-xxx.tar.gz, modules-xxx.tar.gz。其他内核文件不需要,如果同时存在也不影响更新,系统可以准确识别需要的内核文件)。如果当前目录没有内核文件,将从服务器查询并下载同系列的最新内核进行更新。你也可以查询可选内核版本,进行指定版本更新:armbian-update 5.10.100。在设备支持的可选内核里可以自由更新,如从 5.10.100 内核更新为 5.15.25 内核。内核更新时,默认从 stable 内核版本分支下载,如果下载其他 版本分支 的内核,请在第 2 个参数中根据分支文件夹名称指定,如 armbian-update 5.7.19 dev 。默认会自动安装主线 u-boot,这对使用 5.10 以上版本的内核有更好的支持,如果选择不安装,请在第 3 个输入参数中指定,如 armbian-update 5.10.100 stable no

  • 安装 Docker 服务

登录 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

armbian-docker

在安装 docker 结束后,可以选择是否安装 portainer 可视化管理面板。拟使用局域网 IP 进行管理的用户可选择(h)安装 http://ip:9000 版本;拟使用域名进行远程管理的用户可选择(s)安装 https://domain:9000 域名证书版本(请把域名 SSL 证书命名为 portainer.crtportainer.key 上传至 /etc/ssl/ 目录下);不需要安装的用户可选择(n)结束安装。

  • 修改 Armbian 配置

登录 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

armbian-config
  • 为 Armbian 创建 swap

如果你在使用 docker 等内存占用较大的应用时,觉得当前盒子的内存不够使用,可以创建 swap 虚拟内存分区,将磁盘空间的一定容量虚拟成内存来使用。下面命令输入参数的单位是 GB,默认为 1

登录 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

armbian-swap 1
  • 控制 LED 显示

登录 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

armbian-led

根据 LED 屏显示控制说明 进行调试。

  • 在 TF/SD/USB 中使用 Armbian

激活 TF/SD/USB 的剩余空间,请登录 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

armbian-tf

根据提示输入 e 将剩余空间扩容至当前系统分区和文件系统,输入 c 将创建新的第 3 分区。

或者手动分配剩余空间

查看 操作截图

# 1. 根据空间大小确认 TF/SD/USB 的名称,TF/SD 为 [ mmcblk ],USB 为[ sd ]
在命令行中: 输入 [ fdisk -l | grep "sd" ] 查看卡的名称

# 2. 获取剩余空间的起始值,复制并保存,下面使用(例如:5382144)
在命令行中: 输入 [ fdisk -l | grep "sd" | sed -n '$p' | awk '{print $3}' | xargs -i expr {} + 1 ] 得到剩余空间起始值

# 3. 开始分配未使用的空间(例如:sda、mmcblk0 或 mmcblk1)
在命令行中: 输入 [ fdisk /dev/sda ] 开始分配剩余空间
在命令行中: 输入 [ n ] 创建新分区
在命令行中: 输入 [ p ] 指定分区类型为主分区
在命令行中: 将分区号设置为 [ 3 ]
在命令行中: 分区的起始值,输入第二步得到的值 [ 5382144 ]
在命令行中: 分区的结束值,按 [ 回车 ] 使用默认值
在命令行中: 如果提示是否删除签名?[Y]es/[N]o: 输入 [ Y ]
在命令行中: 输入 [ t ] 指定分区类型
在命令行中: 输入分区编号 [ 3 ]
在命令行中: 指定分区类型为 Linux,输入代码 [ 83 ]
在命令行中: 输入 [ w ] 保存结果
在命令行中: 输入 [ reboot ] 重启

# 4. 重新启动后,格式化新分区
在命令行中: 输入 [ mkfs.ext4 -F -L SHARED /dev/sda3 ] 格式新分区

# 5. 为新分区设置挂载目录
在命令行中: 输入 [ mkdir -p /mnt/share ] 创建新分区的挂载目录
在命令行中: 输入 [ mount -t ext4 /dev/sda3 /mnt/share ] 进行挂载

# 6. 添加开机自动挂载
在命令行中: [ vi /etc/fstab ]
# 按 [ i ] 进入编译模式,将下面的代码复制,黏贴到文件的末尾处
/dev/sda3 /mnt/share ext4 defaults 0 0
# 按 [ esc ] 键退出,输入 [ :wq! ] 后按 [ 回车 ] 保存退出,结束设置。
  • 备份/还原 EMMC 原系统

支持在 TF/SD/USB 中对盒子的 EMMC 分区进行备份/恢复。建议您在全新的盒子里安装 Armbian 系统前,先对当前盒子自带的安卓 TV 系统进行备份,以便日后在恢复电视系统等情况下使用。

请从 TF/SD/USB 启动 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

armbian-ddbr

根据提示输入 b 进行系统备份,输入 r 进行系统恢复。

  • 在 Armbian 中编译内核

在 Armbian 中编译内核的用法详见 编译内核 说明文档。登录 Armbian 系统 → 输入命令:

armbian-kernel -update
armbian-kernel -d -k 5.10.100
  • 更多使用说明

在 Armbian 的使用中,一些可能遇到的常见问题详见 armbian-docs

本地化打包

  1. 克隆仓库到本地 git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/ophub/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian.git

  2. 安装必要的软件包(脚本仅在 x86_64 Ubuntu-20.04/22.04 下做过测试)

cd amlogic-s9xxx-armbian
sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get full-upgrade -y
# For Ubuntu-22.04
sudo apt-get install -y $(cat compile-kernel/tools/script/ubuntu2204-build-armbian-depends)
  1. 在根目录下创建文件夹 build/output/images ,并上传 Armbian 镜像文件 ( 如:Armbian_21.11.0-trunk_Odroidn2_current_5.15.25.img ) 到 ~/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian/build/output/images 目录里。原版 Armbian 镜像文件名称中的发行版本号(如:21.11.0)和内核版本号(如:5.15.25)请保留,它将在重构后用作 Armbian 固件的名称。

  2. 进入 ~/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian 根目录,然后运行 sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.10.100 命令即可生成指定 soc 的 Armbian 镜像文件。生成的文件保存在 build/output/images 目录里。

  • 本地化打包参数说明

参数 含义 说明
-d Defaults 使用默认配置
-b BuildSoC 指定电视盒子型号,如 -b s905x3 . 多个型号使用 _ 进行连接,如 -b s905x3_s905d . 使用 all 表示全部型号。可以指定的型号有: a311d, s905x3, s905x2, s905l3a, s905x, s905w, s905d, s905d-ki, s905, s922x, s922x-n2, s912, s912-m8s 。说明:s922x-revas922x-gtking-pro-rev_as922x-n2s922x-odroid-n2s912-m8ss912-mecool-m8s-pro-ls905d-kis912-mecool-ki-pros905x2-km3s905x2-mecool-km3
-k Kernel 指定 kernel 名称,如 -k 5.10.100 . 多个内核使用 _ 进行连接,如 -k 5.15.25_5.10.100
-a AutoKernel 设置是否自动采用同系列最新版本内核。当为 true 时,将自动在内核库中查找在 -k 中指定的内核如 5.10.100 的同系列是否有更新的版本,如有 5.10.100 之后的最新版本时,将自动更换为最新版。设置为 false 时将编译指定版本内核。默认值:true
-v Version 指定内核 版本分支 名称,如 -v stable 。指定的名称须与分支目录名称相同。默认使用 stable 分支版本。
-s Size 对固件的 ROOTFS 分区大小进行设置,默认大小为 2748M, 固件大小必须大于 2000M. 例如: -s 2748
-t RootfsType 对固件的 ROOTFS 分区的文件系统类型进行设置,默认为 ext4 类型,可选项为 ext4btrfs 类型。例如: -t btrfs
-n CustomName 设置固件名称中的签名部分。默认值为空。可根据需要添加签名如 _server__gnome_desktop__ophub 等,设置自定义签名时请勿包含空格。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d : 使用默认配置,对全部型号的电视盒子进行打包。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.10.100 : 推荐使用. 使用默认配置进行相关内核打包。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3_s905d -k 5.15.25_5.10.100 : 使用默认配置,进行多个内核同时打包。使用 _ 进行多内核参数连接。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.10.100 -s 2748 : 使用默认配置,指定一个内核,一个型号进行打包,固件大小设定为2748M。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -v dev -k 5.7.19 : 使用默认配置,指定型号,指定版本分支,指定内核进行打包。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3_s905d 使用默认配置,对多个型号的电视盒子进行全部内核打包, 使用 _ 进行多型号连接。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -k 5.15.25_5.10.100 : 使用默认配置,指定多个内核,进行全部型号电视盒子进行打包, 内核包使用 _ 进行连接。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -k 5.15.25_5.10.100 -a true : 使用默认配置,指定多个内核,进行全部型号电视盒子进行打包, 内核包使用 _ 进行连接。自动升级到同系列最新内核。
  • sudo ./rebuild -d -t btrfs -s 2748 -k 5.10.100 : 使用默认配置,设置文件系统为 btrfs 格式,分区大小为 2748M, 并指定内核为 5.10.100 ,对全部型号电视盒子进行打包。

使用 GitHub Actions 进行编译

  1. 关于 Workflows 文件的配置在 .yml 文件里。可以设置需要编译的盒子的 SOC 等参数,具体详见 Rebuild Armbian for amlogic s9xxx 节点。

  2. 全新编译:在 Actions 页面里选择 Build armbian ,根据 Armbian 官方支持的 OS 版本,可在 RELEASE 里选择 Ubuntu 系列:jammy / focal,或者 Debian 系列:bullseye / buster 。在 BOARD 里可选 odroidn2 / lepotato 等。点击 Run workflow 按钮即可编译。

  3. 再次编译:如果 Releases 中有已经编译好的 Armbian_.*-trunk_.*.img.gz 文件,你只是想再次制作其他不同 soc 的盒子,可以跳过 Armbian 源文件的编译,直接进行二次制作。在 Actions 页面中选择 Use Releases file to build armbian ,点击 Run workflow 按钮即可二次编译。

  4. 使用其他 Armbian 固件,如 Armbian 官方固件下载网站 armbian.tnahosting.net 提供的 odroidn2 固件,仅在流程控制文件 .yml 中引入本仓库的脚本进行 Armbian 重构,即可适配 Amlogic S9xxx 系列盒子的使用。在 Actions 页面里选择 Rebuild armbian ,输入 Armbian 的网络下载地址如 https://dl.armbian.com/*/Armbian_*.img.xz ,或者在流程控制文件 .yml 中通过 armbian_path 参数设定重构文件的加载路径。代码如下:

- name: Rebuild the Armbian for Amlogic s9xxx
  uses: ophub/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian@main
  with:
    build_target: armbian
    armbian_path: build/output/images/*.img
    armbian_soc: s905d_s905x3_s922x_s905x
    armbian_kernel: 5.15.25_5.10.100
  • GitHub Actions 输入参数说明

关于 GitHUB RELEASES_TOKEN 的相关设置可参考:RELEASES_TOKEN。相关参数与本地打包命令相对应,请参考上面的说明。

参数 默认值 说明
armbian_path no 设置原版 Armbian 文件的路径,支持使用当前工作流中的文件路径如 build/output/images/*.img ,也支持使用网络下载地址如: https://dl.armbian.com/*/Armbian_*.img.xz
armbian_soc s905d_s905x3 设置打包盒子的 SOC ,功能参考 -b
armbian_kernel 5.15.25_5.10.100 设置内核 版本,功能参考 -k
auto_kernel true 设置是否自动采用同系列最新版本内核,功能参考 -a
version_branch stable 指定内核 版本分支 名称,功能参考 -v
armbian_size 2748 设置固件 ROOTFS 分区的大小,功能参考 -s
armbian_fstype ext4 设置固件 ROOTFS 分区的文件系统类型,功能参考 -t
armbian_sign no 设置固件名称中的签名部分,功能参考 -n
  • GitHub Actions 输出变量说明

上传到 Releases 需要给仓库添加 GITHUB_TOKENGH_TOKEN 并设置 Workflow 读写权限,详见使用说明

参数 默认值 说明
${{ env.PACKAGED_OUTPUTPATH }} out 打包后的固件所在文件夹的路径
${{ env.PACKAGED_OUTPUTDATE }} 04.13.1058 打包日期(月.日.时分)
${{ env.PACKAGED_STATUS }} success 打包状态:success / failure

Armbian 固件默认信息

名称
默认 IP 从路由器获取 IP
默认账号 root
默认密码 1234

使用 GitHub Actions 编译内核

内核的编译方法详见 compile-kernel

- name: Compile the kernel for Amlogic s9xxx
  uses: ophub/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian@main
  with:
    build_target: kernel
    kernel_version: 5.15.25_5.10.100
    kernel_auto: true
    kernel_sign: -ophub

Armbian 贡献者

首先感谢 150balbes 为在 Amlogic 盒子中使用 Armbian 所做出的杰出贡献和奠定的良好基础。这里编译的 armbian 系统直接使用了官方当前的最新源码进行实时编译。程序的开发思路来自 ebkso 等作者的教程。感谢各位的奉献和分享,让我们可以在 Amlogic s9xxx 盒子里使用 Armbian 系统。

本系统所使用的 kernel / u-boot 等资源主要从 unifreq/openwrt_packit 的项目中复制而来,部分文件由用户在 amlogic-s9xxx-openwrt / amlogic-s9xxx-armbian / luci-app-amlogic / kernel 等项目的 PullIssues 中提供分享。为感谢这些开拓者和分享者,从现在开始(本源代码库创建于2021-09-19),我统一在 CONTRIBUTOR.md 中进行了记录。再次感谢大家为盒子赋予了新的生命和意义。

鸣谢

License

The amlogic-s9xxx-armbian © OPHUB is licensed under GPL-2.0

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.

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